Test 3 - Crij 1301 - Chapter 9

Front 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of contemporary sentencing?

A) Incapacitation
B) Mitigation
C) Rehabilitation
D) Restoration

Back 1

B) Mitigation

Front 2

Which of the following is a just deserts perspective that emphasized taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator or a group of offenders?

A) Deterrence
B) Retribution
C) Restoration
D) Rehabilitation

Back 2

B) Retribution

Front 3

Which of the following refers to the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that a particular offender will commit more crime?

A) Deterrence
B) Incapacitation
C) Retribution
D) Rehabilitation

Back 3

B) Incapacitation

Front 4

Which of the following sentencing goals is closely associated with the phrase "an eyes for an eye?"

A) Incapacitation
B) Rehabilitation
C) Deterrence
D) Retribution

Back 4

D) Retribution

Front 5

__________ is the earliest known rationale for punishment.

A) Retribution
B) Incapacitation
C) Rehabilitation
D) Restoration

Back 5

A) Retribution

Front 6

__________ deterrence seeks to reduce the likelihood of recidivism (repeat offenders) by convicted offenders.

Back 6

Specific.

Front 7

Which of the following refers to the goals of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim "whole again?"

A) Restoration
B) Incapacitation
C) Retribution
D) Deterrence

Back 7

A) Restoration

Front 8

A sentence of 8 to 25 years under supervision of the State Department of Correction is an example of __________ sentencing.

Back 8

Indeterminate.

Front 9

Proportionality holds that __________.

Back 9

The severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime.

Front 10

A model of criminal punishment in which an offender is given a fixed term that may be reduced by good time or gain time is called __________ sentencing.

Back 10

Determinate.

Front 11

Cooperating with authorities, good characters, and no prior record are examples of __________ circumstances.

Back 11

Mitigated.

Front 12

Who is the final arbiter of the actual sentence served in a state that relies on an indeterminate sentencing scheme?

Back 12

The Judge.

Front 13

__________ states eliminated the use of parole and created explicit standards to specify that amount of punishment appropriate for a given offense.

Back 13

Determinate.

Front 14

"Truth in sentencing" guarantees that offenders with serve at least __________ of their sentence.

Back 14

85%

Front 15

When a judge, prior to sentencing, reviews information on the background of a convicted defendant, it is called __________.

Back 15

A presentence investigation.

Front 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a restorative judge?

A) Pain is imposed to punish, deter, and prevent.
B) Victims are central to the process of resolving a crime.
C) The emphasis is on dialogue and negotiation.
D) There is a direct involvement by both the offender and the victim.

Back 16

A) Pain is imposed to punish, deter, and prevent.

Front 17

Which of the following cases determined that the method of execution of an offender may not create a substantial risk of wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain, torture, or lingering death?

A) Furman v. Georgia
B) Baze v. Rees
C) Gregg v. Georgia
D) Atkins v. Virginia

Back 17

B) Baze v. Rees

Front 18

__________ takes into account the financial resources of the offender.

Back 18

A day fine.

Front 19

Which of the following is the primary sentencing tool of the just deserts model?

A) Probation

B) Fine

C) Restitution

D) Imprisonment

Back 19

D) Imprisonment

Front 20

The Innocence Protection Act of 2004 provides federal funds to help eliminate __________.

Back 20

The backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples.

Front 21

The US Supreme Court has ruled that _________ must decide the facts that lead to a death sentence.

Back 21

Juries, not Judges

Front 22

According to the NVCAP, which is the most comprehensive victims' bill of rights?

Back 22

Victims' Rights and Protection Act of 2008.

Front 23

What goal of sentencing is sometimes referred to as the "lock 'em up approach?"

Back 23

Incapacitation

Front 24

Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served?

Back 24

Inmates behavior while incarcerated.

Front 25

Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing?

A) Indeterminate sentencing

B) Contemporary sentencing

C) Quasi-independent sentencing

D) Determinate sentencing

Back 25

D) Determinate sentencing

Front 26

Three-strikes laws require __________ sentencing.

Back 26

Mandatory.

Front 27

Approximately what percentage of federal cases are the result of guilty pleas?

Back 27

90%

Front 28

Which Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of the federal sentencing guidelines?

Back 28

Mistretta v. U.S.

Front 29

Recommended sentencing policies that are not required by law are known as __________.

Back 29

Voluntary Sentencing Guidelines.

Front 30

Which of the following is NOT a form of structured sentencing?

A) Presumptive
B) Determinate

C) Quasi-Independent
D) Voluntary/Advisory

Back 30

C) Quasi-Independent

Front 31

The US Supreme Court approved a two-step trial procedure in the case of Gregg v. Georgia pertaining to __________.

Back 31

Death Penalty Cases.

Front 32

__________ is known as the suspension of criminal proceeding before sentencing and referral to a private agency.

Back 32

Diversion.

Front 33

Which of the following Supreme Court cases limited the number of appeals a condemned person may lodge with the courts?

A) Gregg v. Georgia
B) McClesky v. Zant
C) Furman v. Georgua
D) Coleman v. Thompson

Back 33

B) McClesky v. Zant

Front 34

Opportunities for federal appeals by death-row inmates were further limited by the _________.

Back 34

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty

Front 35

The US Supreme Court case of MsClesky v. Kemp deals with the issue of _________ in capital crimes.

Back 35

Racial Discrepancies.

Front 36

Which of the following sentencing principles objectively holds that an offender's criminal history should be taken into account in sentencing decisions?

A) Equity
B) Proportionality
C) Social Debt
D) Good Time

Back 36

C) Social Debt

Front 37

Which sentencing principle holds that the severity of sanctions should bear direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed?

Back 37

Proportionality.

Front 38

A defendant having no record of criminal convictions punishable by more than 60 days of imprisonment is an example of _________.

Back 38

Mitigating Circumstances.

Front 39

Which of the following is NOT a right under the Crime Victims' Rights Act to the victims of federal crimes?

A) The right to be reasonably protected from the accused.
B) The right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay.
C) The right to confer with the federal prosecutor handling the case.
D) The right to appeal any state or federal grant of clemency.

Back 39

D) The right to appeal any state or federal grant of clemency.

Front 40

The Supreme Court case of "In re Kemmler" deals with what form of execution?

Back 40

Electrocution.

Front 41

The Supreme Court case of Wilkerson v. Utah deals with what form of execution?

Back 41

Firing Squad.

Front 42

As of August 1, 2012, what percentage of death-row inmates in the United States are male?

Back 42

98%

Front 43

Which of the following refers to the act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator?

A) Adjudication
B) Retribution
C) Probation
D) Incapacitation

Back 43

B) Retribution

Front 44

About how many offenses are punishable by death under federal laws?

Back 44

60

Front 45

What method of execution is used in most death-penalty states?

Back 45

Lethal Injection.

Front 46

In _________ the US Supreme Court recognized that evolving standards of decency might necessitate a reconstruction of whether the death penalty violated the Eighth Amendment.

Back 46

Furman v. Georgia

Front 47

Which of the following cases essentially says that requiring sentencing judges to consider facts not proven to a jury to violate the Constitution?

A) Apprendi v. New Jersey
B) Elledge v. Florida
C) Rita v. U.S.
D) Gall v. U.S.

Back 47

A) Apprendi v. New Jersey

Front 48

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of fines?

A) The impact of a fine depends on the ability of the sentences person to pay.
B) Fines can promote rehabilitation by enforcing economic responsibility.
C) Fines can be collected by existing criminal justice agencies and are relatively inexpensive to administer.
D) Fines can be made proportionate to both the severity of the offense and the ability of the offender to pay.

Back 48

A) The impact of a fine depends on the ability of a sentenced person to pay.