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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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traditional hormones
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picked up by the blood and carried to the target
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local hormones
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not picked up by cardio vascular system,, have only local effect
Prostaglandin- ex. |
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diff. between hormone and neuro transmitter
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if it functions in blood , hormone, if in synaptic space, its a neuro transmitter
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cortisol
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stress hormone
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aldosterone
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regulates sodium
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endocrine system made of what tissue
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epithelial tissue
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capilary beds for endocrine usually of what type
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phenostrated
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any time hormones go around body how to they move
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thru capillaries
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water vs fat soluable hormones
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effects how they get around,
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long list hormones
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water soluable
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steroidal hormones
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fat soluable (short list)
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short list
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estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol, thyroxin, (steroids) thyroxin not steroid, but all are fat soluable
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when hormone is carried by another molecule it is considered what
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bound, also has a longer life half life
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estrogen often looks for what cells
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fat cells
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fat soluable hormones ( how get thru cell membrane)
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allowed thru cel membrane made of douple phospholipids
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once inside cell what doed hormone look for
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a receptor within the cell, may find it in nucleus, if not found will back out of cell and go to another
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once inside the nucleus hormone does what
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it cracks genitic whip, telling it what to do,, (ie, mitosis, make secretions, open pores, turn on pumpers)
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gene activation
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because hormone can slip into the cell, not water soluable
it then cracks the genitic whip |
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tyroxin not a ....
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steriod, it encourages burning of energy
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glucose level in am (fasting glucose)
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90 mg/100 mol of blood
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insulin recognises its target cell because of what.
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its receptor
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water soluable hormones need what to get in cell
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to find a receptor
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do water soluable hormones need to be bound in blood
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no,
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1st messenger
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insulin -ex. it brings the message to the outside of the receptor cell and binds to its external receptor. "speaking thru the cell membrane"
to the second messenger |
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second messenger
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within the cell memebrane, its a G-protein
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Camp
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cyclic amp , takes off the last two phosphates
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adenylcyclase
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turned on by G-protein and makes ATP molecules to be made into Camp
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where does the atp molecule come from within cell
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mitochondria
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atp+ enzyme becomes what
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C-amp
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wehn insulin connects to receptor what gets turned on?
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adenylcyclase
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C-amp it what messenger
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the second
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Camp turns on what
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certian protein kynases'
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what happenes in cell is determined by
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1st messengers message, and then how the cell has the ability to respond
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gene activation
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what does hormone do when it gets in cell, into nucleus and crack Dna whip, makes cell carry out message
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where is the hormone receptor located
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imbedded in membrane
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protiens that get turned on are called what
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protein kynases
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insulin and glucagon ahve what type of relationship based on what level
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level of glucose circulation (the standard ) 90 mg /100ml of blood
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Humoral control mechanisims
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standard or condition that encourages hormonal release or activity. ex. insulin/glucagon--- parathormone/ thyrocalitonin
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3 types of control mechanisims
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1) humoral
2)Neuronal 3)hypothalmic/anterior axis mechanism |
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what is most effective/representative control mechanism
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hypothalmic/ anterior pituitary axis
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neuro secertory nucleus
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they are paired, not neuron nor endocrine glaad, they are a combo.
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primary capilary bed
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frist one paired to the neurosecretory nucleus
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hypophyeal portal vessel
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odd becasue it goes capillary to vessel to cappillary tranports hormone from neurosecretory nucleus to second capillary
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when hormone get to the second capillary bed what can it do
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get out of the capillary into the tissue of the anterior pituitary
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factors are what (in the hypothalmus)
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all of the target cells within the anterior pituitary for the hormones made in the neurosecretory nucleus
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folicile stimulating hormone releasing hormone
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released comes down the protal to second capillary bed, gets out and looks for receptor, meets receptor and camp happens causeing the production of Fsh (folicile stimulating hormone)
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Once FSH is made where does it go
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into the cappillary, then to a vein, into the systemic circulation, travels unbound in blood to target cell (fillicle cell)
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fsh caused what to be made in follicle cell
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estrogen
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fsh in males does what
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encourages matuatoin of sperm
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SUPRAOPTIC NUCLEUS
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MAKES ADH (save water hormone)(antidieuretic hormone)
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paraventricular nucleus makes
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oxytocin
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posterior pituitary product of ..
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hypothalmus, not in endocrin, product of nervous system
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neuronal mechanism
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zapping of glands by sympathetic/parasympathetic
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hormonal mechanism
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one hormone in specific
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what stops/destroys C-amp
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phosphodiesterase
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insulin folows same flow as camp but its a variation instead of using adenylcyclase it uses
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phospolipase
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GHRH
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GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE
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GHIH
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GROWTH HORMONE INHIBITING HORMONE
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ACTHRH
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adrenal corticotropic hormone releaseing hormone
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2 gonadtrphic releasign hromones
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FSHRH follicle stimulating hormone releaseing hormone
LHRH lutenizing hormonereleasing hormone (in males also known as ICSHRH) |
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TSHRH
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thyroid stimulation hormone releasing hormone
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if GHRH and GHIH arrive as same target cell wht action will be taken
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which ever has the most molecules made
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Prolactin releasing hormone and prolactin inhibiting hormone attatched to what
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a lactitrope.
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prolactin in females/ males does what
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makes production of milk, in men makes testosterone
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thyroid stimulating horomone , corticotrophic hormone and follicle stimulating hormone and the lutenizing hormone dont have what
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an inhibiting factor, less controled,
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the nucleus in the hypothalmus is part of the lymbic system there fore it has control over what hormones
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sex hromones
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products of anterior pituitary
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GROWTH HORMONE, PROLACTIN TSH ACTH, FSH .LH
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thyroid gland
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large folicles made of folicle cells, iodiated thyroglobulin (storeage molecule) (stores in gland) when realease one peice is
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what are the names for T3 and T4 ( the thyroid hormones)
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tri-ioda-thyramine (t3), and thyroxin T4, most prevelant T4, especially make change in carbohydrate metabolism
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why are T3 and T4 released
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told to do so by TSH, which is told to be ther eby TSHRH
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TSHRH housed the homeostasis capitol, where...
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Hypothalmus
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hyperthyroidism leads to ..
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loss of weight,over heat production, sleeping , agitation.
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scatered inbetween the folicles in the thyroid gland are
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c cells.,
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what do C cells produce
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thier job produce calcitionin, or thyro calcitonin
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job of Calcitonin or , thyrocalcitonin is what?
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1) in chideren, minerals calcium and phosphate- put in matrix of bone. (decreasing levels if preceived to be too high) tells osteo clasts to slow down and can even reduce the number of them. actially go to blast cells teling them to deposit into bone. 2)
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to high or too low calcume can effect what about the heart..
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contractions
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after puberty what controls bone function
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parathormone?parathyroid hormone controls bone function)
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wher eare the parathyroid glands?
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on thedorsal posterior thyroid
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parathyroid hormone/ para thormone
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up calcium, and decreases phosphate
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what are the three targets of parathormone
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intestine, simle columnar epithealal, bone, and kidneys
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what does parathormone do in the intestine
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helps in the chain of activation of vitamin D
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what does parathromone do in bone
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goes to osteoclasts to release minerals
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