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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Articles of Confederation |
Articles of Confederation |
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Land Ordinance 1785 |
A system where settlers could purchase title to land in the unexplored western territory. |
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Northwest Ordinance 1787 |
When a Western territory had 5,000 residents, it could create a self-governing legislature. When a territory had 60,000 residents, it could apply to become a U.S. State |
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Shay's Rebellion |
Massachusetts farmers rallied together because they were angry about high taxes. Daniel Shays Led the successful uprising, because the gov't could not pay for and army to stop it. Led to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 |
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Constitutional Convention |
1787 Delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss ways to improve the Articles. Instead or revising the Articles the delegates replaced it with the Constitution. |
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Why were the Articles of Confederation so weak? |
The Articles of Confederation were purposely made weak to ensure the protection of peoples rights. The People did not want a government that would have enough power to be able to take over the U.S. and end up like a monarchy. |
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What were the accomplishments of the Articles of Confederation? |
The Land Ordinance The Northwest Ordinance |
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What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? |
congress not collect taxes congress had no power to regulate trade no power to enforce laws approval of 9 state needed to enact laws amendments to the articles required the consent of all 13 states The gov't had no executive branch There was no national court system |
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CONSTITUTION |
CONSTITUTION |
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Supremacy Clause |
Establishes the Constitution as the supreme law of the land |
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Expressed (Implied) Powers |
Expressed powers are those explicitly and expressly mentioned in the Constitution. Implied powers are assumed powers for the Gov't |
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Concurrent Powers |
Concurrent powers are powers in nations with a federal system of gov't that are shared by both federal gov't and each state gov't and province. |
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Reserved Powers |
Reserved powers are powers assigned to the states and the people. |
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MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTION |
Popular Sovereignty: The people have power by voting for leaders Separation of Powers: event though the national gov't was stronger citizens' liberty was still protected
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Virginia Plan |
The legislative branch would have two houses Both houses in the legislature would assign representatives according to state population or wealth. |
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New Jersey Plan |
The legislature would have one house Each state would have on vote in the legislature |
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Great Compromise |
The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan led to The GREAT COMPROMISE The senate would give each state equal representation The legislature would have two houses The House of Representatives would have representation according to state population. |
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3/5ths Compromise |
Allowed states to count three of every five slaves toward taxation and population size Used in voting for more people to get another electoral vote. |
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James Madison |
James Madison helped broker many of the compromises that made the constitution possible and is referred to as the FATHER OF THE CONSTITUTION |
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Preamble (6 Functions of government) |
To form a more perfect Union To establish Justice To insure domestic tranquility To provide for the common defense To promote the general welfare To secure the Blessings of Liberty |
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Electoral College |
A body of people representing the states of the US who formally cast votes for the election of the president and vice president |
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Elastic Clause (Necessary and Proper Clause) |
The congress shall have power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers and all other powers. |
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What are examples of Checks and Balances? |
The Legislative make the laws, but the president (Executive Branch) can veto it. The president can appoint a judge but congress can vote for if he or she can be a judge. The judicial branch has the power to declare laws unconstitutional Called judicial review |
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How did the Constitution fix the issues of the Articles of Confederation? |
Strong Central Government with some power |
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RATIFICATION |
RATIFICATION |
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Federalist vs Anti-Federalists |
Federalists: People who liked the Constitution people wanting a stronger gov't, Wealthy whites mainly in the north Led by Madison, John Jay, Hamilton they wrote the federalist papers. Anti-Federalists: People who feared a stronger national gov't and wanted states to remain power Led by Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams |
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Federalist Papers #10 and #51 |
Were papers written by Madison and Hamilton to convince the Anti-Federalists to ratify the Constitution #10 and #51 10 Factions and political groups 51 Seperation of powers three branches Checks and Balanches Both say the Federal Gov't does not have to much power under the constitution |
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Bill of Rights |
For the Ratification of the constitution The Bill of Rights were agreed on to be added. The 10 amendments that helped protect peoples rights, Freedom of Speech, assembly, etc... Added to the Constitution to alleviate concerns of anti-federalists |
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George Mason |
A delegate to the US constitutional Convention of 1787 Wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights and that influenced the Bill of RIghts |
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Thomas Jefferson |
Main author of the Declaration of Independence In George Washington's Cabinet.
Wrote Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom Secretary of state |
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Why were some people (states) Reluctant to sign the Constitution? |
Because they thought that the Constitution was threatening the peoples rights. They thought a stronger national gov't would go bad and become a monarchy like the British. |
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What are earlier documents that became the foundation for the Bill of Rights? |
The Virginia Declaration of Rights, The Declaration of Independence
The Bill of Rights were added so that the anti-federalists would ratify the Constitution. |
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What previous British Actions inspired some of our Bill of Rights? |
The quartering Act that allowed British soldiers
The Freedom of Speech was not allowed under the British law but under the B.O.R. it allowed more. |
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EARLY REPUBLIC |
EARLY REPUBLIC |
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WASHINGTON |
1st president in 1789 Unanimously elected
cabinet set two term presidency set the basic principles of a president. |
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Judiciary Act of 1789 |
Organized the supreme court with 1 chief justice and 5 associate justices
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Washington's Presidential Cabinet |
Jefferson: Secretary of State
Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury Henry Knock: Secretary of War Edmund Randolph: Secretary of something |
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Hamilton's Financial Plan |
Assumption: Report of Public Called For the federal gov't to pay off the national debt at face value & assume the war debts of the states Whiskey Tax: Tariffs Taxes on Whiskey and Revenue money. Bank of U.S.: The BUS That would help create a stable, healthy, economy, and currency. The bank was created after |
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Federalist vs Democratic-Republicans |
Federalists: Advocates of a loose interpretation of the Constitution and a strong govt Supported Hamilton's economic vision (manufacturing)
Democratic - Republicans: Supported Jefferson's economic vision Advocated strict interpretation of the Constitution |
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Proclamation of Neutrality |
Declares the U.S. Neutral and not getting involved in the French and British war.
A French Diplomat tries to convince Washington to join the war on the French's side |
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Whiskey Rebellion |
A whiskey tax, Farmers refused to pat the tax
A challenge to the authority of the new federal government Washington marched with 13,000 troops and stopped the rebellion with the use of force |
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Washington's Farewell Address |
published in newspapers as warnings: Stay clear of Foreign alliances The danger of Political parties and factions and they needed national unity The danger of the North and South Tensions |
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Compare Whiskey Rebellion to Shay's Rebellion? ON TEST |
Whiskey's Rebellion was a unsuccessful Rebellion stopped by George Wash.
Shay's Rebellion was a successful rebellion and HELPED |
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Alexander Hamilton vs Thomas Jefferson? |
Hamilton and Jefferson disagreed on almost every single thing. Hamilton was Federalist while Jefferson and Democrat-republican
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ADAMS |
Adams was elected president with 51 % of the votes and with Jefferson with The other 49% |
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XYZ Affair |
Attempted to bribe the Americans
250,000 to negotiate to talk about with France. |
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Alien and Sedition Acts |
passed by federalist the
Naturalization acts: increased time from 5 to 14 years for immigrants to become American Citizens Alien Acts: President could deport or arrest immigrants considered dangerous Sedition Act: Made it illegal to criticize the gov't |
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
To oppose federal laws that democratic republicans felt were unconstitutional
said a state could nullify federal laws passed by Congress they felt were unconstitutional Argument of NULLIFICATION will be used by south Carolina Nullify: States could ignore laws (by the federal gov't) that they felt were unconstitutional. |
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Election of 1800 |
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson 65 electoral votes 73 electoral votes Jefferson won the election as Aaron Burr as his running mate |
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How did Foreign Affairs shape the early Republic? |
Foreign affairs made it hard to decide to get involved in the French War when |
