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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Refers to fungal or antimycotic agents.
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Mycoses
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Classes of Fungals
Includes fungal infection of the body, beard, feet, crotch, head, and nails. |
Filamentous
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Classes of Fungals
Opportunistic pathogen associated with a decrease in immune function such as HIV, cancer, chemo, AIDs, and transplant patients. |
Yeast
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Classes of Fungals
This class has the ability to alternate between filamentous or yeast form and depends on the physiologic condition. |
Dimorphic
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Classes of Fungals
Associated with respiratory tract; can produce toxins. |
Filamentous systemic
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Why are antifungals often less specific than antibacterials and more toxic?
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They are more human related; they are eukaryotic.
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Why is susceptibility testing limited?
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Organisms grow differently in vivo, and spores are present as normal flora except in the blood or tissue.
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Why is resistance an issue?
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MDR- efflux pumps
OTC use of antifungals Use in agriculture |
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Which portion of amphotericin B is chromophoric?
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The polyene portion.
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What is the MOA of amphotericin B?
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Forms pores in fungal membranes resulting in ion flux.
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True or False
Amphotericin B has a lower affinity for ergosterol than cholesterol. |
False.
Higher |
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True or False
In relation to amphotericin B, the massive release of ILs is considered RED MAN SYNDROME. |
False
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True or False
Liposomal AmB alters tissue distribution of AmB so that it favors ergosterol and not cholesterol. |
True
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True or False
AmB Deoxycholate is the least commonly used form of AmB because it it the worst. |
False
Most common because it is the cheapest. |
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Where does Nystatin A get its name from?
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The NY Sate Dept of Health where it was discovered.
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What is the MOA of Nystatin A?
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It forms pores in fungal membranes which results in an ion flux and ultimately cell death. It's a polyene.
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What is the MOA of azole antifungals?
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Inhibits lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase enzyme that converts lanosterol to fecosterol. Blocks formation of ergosterol.
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True or False
Azoles are static. |
True
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Azoles are often secondary to AmB for treatment of serious systemic infections. Why?
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AmB is cidal. Azoles are used for long-term therapy.
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What type of resistance occurs with azoles?
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MDR efflux.
Increased 14-alpha-demethylase Alteration of 14-alpha-demethylase |
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Azoles inhibit _____ enzymes.
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Inhibite
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What class of azole antifungals does clotrimazole belong to?
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Imidazole; Class I. Used for yeast infections.
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What is the MOA of Allylamine Antifungals?
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Inhibits monooxygense known as squalene epoxidase.
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What is the MOA of Echinocandins?
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Inhibits glucan synthase enzyme necessary to form 1,3-beta-D-glucan in fungal cell walls.
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How does resistance occur with echinocandins?
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Mutation in glucan synthases. No record of MDR efflux
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This 5-fluorocytosine is converted by fungal cytosine deamidase to 5-FU which acts as an anti-metabolite that blocks DNA synthesis(thymidylate synthase inhibitor) and protein synthesis chain formation (replaces uracil).
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Flucytosine
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What are methods of resistance of flucytosine?
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Decreased cytosine permease
Decreased cytosine deamidase. |
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Flucytosine causes _______ in some AIDs patients.
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Irreversible bone marrow suppression.
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What is the MOA of griseofulvin?
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Antimitotic; inhibits fungal protein synthesis; static.
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True or False
Griseofulvin is frequently used and has activity against yeast. |
False
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What is the MOA of Ciclopirox?
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Inhibits protein synthesis and chelates polyvalent cations.
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What is the MOA of Clioquinol?
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Chelates metal ions.
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What is the MOA of undecylenic acid, which is derived from _______.
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Interferes with fungal membrane and causes leakage. Prevents ability to make fungal cell wall. Its cidal
Castor oil |
