Test 3 Anatomy Ch 7

Front 1

16. The skeleton does not

Back 1

store red blood cells.

Front 2

17. Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue.

Back 2

connective

Front 3

18. These are all tissues that make up a long bone except

Back 3

transitional epithelium.

Front 4

19. The four groups of bones include all the following except

Back 4

rounded bones.

Front 5

23. The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called

Back 5

an epiphysies.

Front 6

24. A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______________, whereas the internal surface is lined with _____________.

Back 6

periosteum; endosteum

Front 7

25. _____________ are bone-forming cells.

Back 7

Osteoblasts

Front 8

26. When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________.

Back 8

osteocytes; osteoclasts

Front 9

28. Which of these is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?

Back 9

Hydroxyapatite

Front 10

29. Spicules and trabeculae are found in

Back 10

spongy bone.

Front 11

31. ____________ provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas ____________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.

Back 11

Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins

Front 12

32. ___________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings of the plasma membrane, whereas ____________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.

Back 12

Osteoclasts; osteocytes

Front 13

34. Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

Back 13

osteoclasts

Front 14

35. _______________ are common in compact bone but rarely seen in spongy bone.

Back 14

Osteocytes

Front 15

36. Intramembranous ossification produces the

Back 15

flat bones of the skull.

Front 16

37. Endochondral ossification is a precursor made of _____________ is replaced by bone.

Back 16

hyaline cartilage.

Front 17

38. The _____________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.

Back 17

metaphysis

Front 18

40. Chondrocytes multiply in this zone of the metaphysis.

Back 18

zone of cell proliferation

Front 19

41. Mature bones are remodeled throughout life by employing

Back 19

appositional growth.

Front 20

42. Bone elongation is a result of

Back 20

cartilage growth.

Front 21

43. Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of

Back 21

mechanical stress on bone remodeling.

Front 22

45. _____________ is the process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream.

Back 22

Resorption

Front 23

47. Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except

Back 23

amino acids.

Front 24

48. Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except

Back 24

DNA synthesis.

Front 25

49. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not

Back 25

lower blood calcium.

Front 26

50. ____________ is synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, and is important to the deposition of bone.

Back 26

Calcitriol

Front 27

52. ____________ does not put women at risk of hypocalcemia.

Back 27

Removal of the thyroid gland

Front 28

53. Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates __________ secretion, which leads to _____________.

Back 28

parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity

Front 29

54. Hypocalcemia can cause

Back 29

spasms.

Front 30

55. Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means

Back 30

abnormal calcification of a tissue.

Front 31

56. If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect

Back 31

an elevated level of osteoblast activity.

Front 32

57. A soft callus forms during

Back 32

the healing of a fracture.

Front 33

58. Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of ___________, which would otherwise inhibit ____________.

Back 33

estrogen; osteoclast activity

Front 34

59. A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a __________ fracture.

Back 34

comminuted

Front 35

60. The result of calcium and phosphate levels in blood too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called ___________ in children and ___________ in adults.

Back 35

rickets; osteomalacia

Front 36

61. Bone protrudes through skin in a fracture called

Back 36

open.

Front 37

62. A pathologic fracture

Back 37

is a break in a bone weakened by some other disease.

Front 38

63. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Back 38

hematoma formation  soft callus formation  hard callus formation  bone remodeling

Front 39

64. Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called ________, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called _________.

Back 39

soft callus; hard callus

Front 40

65. ____________ affects more people than any other bone disease.

Back 40

Osteoporosis

Front 41

Functions of the skeletal system include:

Back 41

acid-base balance blood cell production detoxification regulation of certain electrolytes

Front 42

Which of the following is a mature bone cell that appears to be responsible for the overall supervision of bone maintenance?

Back 42

osteogcytes

Front 43

This type of fracture is defined solely by the fact that the skin is not broken.

Back 43

closed fracture

Front 44

The basic structural unit of compact bone is termed:

Back 44

osteon

Front 45

The hormone calcitonin is an important hormone in:

Back 45

children

Front 46

In an elderly person, most of the bone marrow is a

Back 46

gelatinous material

Front 47

The humerus and femur develop by the process of :

Back 47

endochondral ossification

Front 48

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Back 48

muscle attachment production of blood cells mineral reservoir

Front 49

the shaft of a long bone, such as the femur, is known as the:

Back 49

diaphysis

Front 50

Osteocytes are mature:

Back 50

osteoblasts

Front 51

About 85% of the inorganic matter of bone is a crystallized calcium phosphate salt known as:

Back 51

hydroxyapatite

Front 52

Intramembranous ossification in the fetus produces the flat bones of the skull, when _____________________ transforms directly into bone.

Back 52

mesenchyme

Front 53

In which of the histological zones of a developing long bone would you find osteoclasts?

Back 53

zone of calcified cartilage

Front 54

Ossification in abnormal locations is called:

Back 54

ectopic ossification

Front 55

Hypocalcemia causes which of the following?

Back 55

muscle tremors or spasms

Front 56

Which of the following hormones involved with calcium homeostasis is secreted by the thyroid glands?

Back 56

calcitonin

Front 57

Parathyroid hormone is secreted when the blood calcium concentration:

Back 57

drops too low

Front 58

Which of the following is the adult form of rickets in which the bones become softened and deformed?

Back 58

osteomalacia

Front 59

In which of the following types of fractures is a bone broken into three or more pieces?

Back 59

comminuted

Front 60

Estrogen replacement therapy cannot reverse osteoporosis, but:

Back 60

but it can slow its progress.

Front 61

The sheath of fibrous connective tissue covering the outside of a bone is called the:

Back 61

periosteum

Front 62

These large multinucleate cells found in bones secrete enzymes to reabsorb matrix:

Back 62

osteoclasts

Front 63

These are little cavities occupied by osteocytes in living bones:

Back 63

lacunae

Front 64

This bone develops by intramembranous ossification:

Back 64

cranium

Front 65

The first step in making a long bone such as the femur is:

Back 65

hyaline cartilage model formed

Front 66

In this dominant genetic condition, the chondrocytes fail to multiply:

Back 66

achondroplasia

Front 67

Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium concentration by all of the following:

Back 67

stimulating the dissolving of bone matrix increases number of ostenoclasts reduces calcium excretion inhibits osteoblasts

Front 68

All of these organs or organ systems participate in vitamin D production or activation:

Back 68

parathyroid gland skin liver kidney

Front 69

This condition results from little exercise and lack of estrogen after menopause:

Back 69

osteomalacia

Front 70

This type of fracture is common in young adults active in sports:

Back 70

Pott

Front 71

Which cells have a ruffled border and secret hydrochloric acid?

Back 71

osteoclasts

Front 72

the medullary cavity of an adult bone may contain

Back 72

myeloid tissue

Front 73

the spurt of growth in puberty results from cell proliferation and hypertrophy in

Back 73

the epiphyseal plate

Front 74

osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to:

Back 74

monocytes

Front 75

the walls between cartilage lacunae break down in the zone of:

Back 75

bone deposition

Front 76

Which of these is an effect of PTH?

Back 76

reduction of calcium excretion
increased intestinal calcium absorption
increaded numbert of osteoclasts
increased calcitriol synthesis

Front 77

A child jumps to the ground from the top of the playground "jungle gym." His leg bones do not shatter mainly because they contain:

Back 77

collagen fibers

Front 78

One long bone meets another at its:

Back 78

epiphysis

Front 79

Calcitriol is made from

Back 79

7-dehydrocholesterol

Front 80

One sign of osteoporosis is:

Back 80

Colles fracture

Front 81

Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a mineral called:

Back 81

hydroxyapatite

Front 82

Osteocytes contact each other through channels called ______________ in the bone matrix.

Back 82

canaliculi

Front 83

A bone increases in diameter only by ____________ growth, the addition of new surface osteons.

Back 83

appositional

Front 84

Seed crystals of hydroxyapatite form only when the levels of calcium and phosphate int the tissue fluid exceed the ___________.

Back 84

solubility product

Front 85

A calcium deficiency called _______________________ an cause death by suffocation.

Back 85

hypocalcemia

Front 86

________________________ are cells that secrete collagen and stimulate calcium phosphate deposition.

Back 86

osteoblasts

Front 87

The most active form of vitamin D. produces mainly by the kidneys, is ____________________

Back 87

calcitriol [1,25(OH)2D]

Front 88

The most common bone disease is ________________

Back 88

osteoporosis

Front 89

The transitional region between epiphyseal cartilage and the primary marrow cavity of a young bone is called _________________

Back 89

metaphysis

Front 90

A pregnant, poorly nourished woman may suffer a softening of the bones called __________

Back 90

osteomalacia

Front 91

Spongy bone is always covered by:

Back 91

compact bone

Front 92

Most bones develop from:

Back 92

hyaline cartilage

Front 93

Osteocytes develop from:

Back 93

osteoblasts

Front 94

Blood vessels travel through the central canals of

Back 94

compact bone

Front 95

Parathyroid hormone promotes bone resorption and ___________________________________

Back 95

raises blood calcium concentation

Front 96

The growth zone of the long bones of adolescents is the is the:

Back 96

epiphyseal plate

Front 97

The protein of the bone matrix is called:

Back 97

collagen

Front 98

______________________ is the major mineral of bone

Back 98

hydroxyapatite

Front 99

bones elongate at the _____________

Back 99

epiphyseal plate

Front 100

The major effect of vitamin D is:

Back 100

bone resorption

Front 101

Vitamin D promotes:

Back 101

deposition

Front 102

The skeleton:

Back 102

store calcium and phosphate ions.
provide support for most muscles.
protect the brain.
protect the spinal cord

Front 103

What are 4 tissues that make up a long bone

Back 103

osseous tissue.
nervous tissue
adipose tissue.
cartilage.

Front 104

The four groups of bones are:

Back 104

long bones.
short bones.
irregular bones.
flat bones

Front 105

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following:

Back 105

muscle contraction.
exocytosis.
blood clotting.
communication among neurons

Front 106

Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except

Back 106

ATP.
DNA.
phospholipids.
RNA.