Test 3

Front 1

Bioethanol

Back 1

Type of alcohol produced by the fermentation of glucose

Front 2

Cellulosic Ethanol

Back 2

Type of bioethanol made from cellulose in nonedible plant material such as wood or grass.

Front 3

Biodiesel

Back 3

Made from plant oils or recycled frying oil.

Front 4

Stomata

Back 4

(Mouth) Underneath side of the leaf, tiny pores in the leaves. They take in carbon dioxide and oxygen exits.

Front 5

Thylakoids

Back 5

Inside chloroplasts are interconnected, membranous sacs.

Front 6

Grana

Back 6

Thylakoids are concentrated in stacks.

Front 7

Chlorophyll a

Back 7

Absorbs mainly blue-violet and red light. Participates directly in light reactions.

Front 8

Chlorophyll b

Back 8

Absorbs mainly blue and orange light. Participates directly in the light reactions.

Front 9

Cartenoids

Back 9

Absorbs blue-green light. Participates INDIRECTLY in the light reactions. Passes energy to chlorophyll a.

Front 10

Wavelength

Back 10

The distance between the crests of two adjacent waves.

Front 11

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Back 11

Full range of radiation.

Front 12

C3 plants

Back 12

Use Carbon Dioxide directly from the air. Are very common and widely distributed.

Front 13

C4 plants

Back 13

Close their stomata to save water during hot and dry weather. Can still carry out photosynthesis by storing and transferring Carbon Dioxide to adjacent cells.

Front 14

CAM plants

Back 14

Are adapted to very dry climates. Open their stomata only at night to conserve water.

Front 15

Parthenogensis

Back 15

Eggs develop without fertilization, "virgin creation". Reproduction without sex.

Front 16

Asexual Reproduction

Back 16

Single-celled organisms reproduce by simple cell division. No fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

Front 17

Sexual Reproduction

Back 17

Fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

Front 18

Chromatin

Back 18

Unwound DNA.

Front 19

Histones

Back 19

Are proteins used to package DNA in eukaryotes.

Front 20

Cell cycle

Back 20

The ordered sequence of events that extent from the time a cell is first formed from a dividing plant cell to its own division of cells. Two distinct phases.

Front 21

Mitosis

Back 21

Nucleus and its contents divide evenly into two daughter nuclei.

Front 22

Cytokinesis

Back 22

Cytoplasm is divided in two.

Front 23

Tumor

Back 23

Abnormally growing masses of body cells.

Front 24

Metastasis

Back 24

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site.

Front 25

Diploid

Back 25

Organisms with body cells containing two sets of chromosomes.

Front 26

Haploid

Back 26

Gametes that have only one member of each homologous pair of chromosomes.

Front 27

Sex Chromosomes

Back 27

Male=XY ; Female=X

Front 28

Autosomes

Back 28

22 pairs of matching chromosomes.

Front 29

Karyotype

Back 29

Image that reveals an orderly arrangement of chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes - matching pairs of chromosomes that can possess different versions of the same genes.

Front 30

Law of Independent Assortment of Chromosomes

Back 30

Chromosomes align independently of each other.

Front 31

Nondisjunction

Back 31

Members of chromosomes don't separate. Happens in Meiosis 1 and 2.

Front 32

Trisomy 21(Down's Syndrome)

Back 32

Individual has an extra chromosome 21.

Front 33

RuNP

Back 33

5 carbon in the Calvin cycle, taking place during photosynthesis. Gets turned into G3P.

Front 34

G3P

Back 34

Unstable molecule created by RuBP

Front 35

Heredity

Back 35

Transmission of traits from one generation to the next.

Front 36

Genetics

Back 36

The scientific study of heredity.

Front 37

Gregor Mendel

Back 37

Father of modern genetics. First person to analyze patterns of inheritance, and deduced the fundamental principles of genetics in the 1860s.

Front 38

Character

Back 38

Heritable feature that varies among individuals.

Front 39

Trait

Back 39

Variant of a character(blue, green, brown, hazel)

Front 40

Allele

Back 40

Trait, refers to the generic version. Alternate versions of a gene, one from each parent.

Front 41

Homozygous

Back 41

Both alleles are identical. Homozygous dominant(BB)

Front 42

Dominant

Back 42

BB

Front 43

Recessive

Back 43

Bb

Front 44

Heterozygous

Back 44

Alleles are different(Bb).

Front 45

Law of segregation

Back 45

Anaphase in meiosis. Alleles separate from each other during the production of gametes.

Front 46

Phenotype

Back 46

Physical appearance

Front 47

Genotype

Back 47

Genetic makeup

Front 48

Punnett Square

Back 48

Diagram that shows the results of a genetic cross.

Front 49

Monohybrid Cross

Back 49

The mating of two parental varieties with one heritable character.

Front 50

Dihybrid Cross

Back 50

Mating of two parental varieties differing in two characters.

Front 51

Law of independent assortment of alleles

Back 51

Alleles separate independently. The inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another.

Front 52

Gene Locus

Back 52

Specific location of a gene along a chromosome.

Front 53

Test Cross

Back 53

Mating with a homozygous individual.

Front 54

Wild type traits

Back 54

Seen most often in nature.

Front 55

Pedigree

Back 55

Shows history of a trait in a family and allows geneticists to analyze human traits.

Front 56

Carrier

Back 56

Heterozygous genotype(Ff). Individuals who have the recessive allele but appear normal.

Front 57

Inbreeding

Back 57

Mating of close relatives.

Front 58

Incomplete dominance

Back 58

Appearance between the phenotypes of the two parents.

Front 59

Codominance

Back 59

AB. Both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals who have type AB blood.

Front 60

Pleiotropy

Back 60

(Stimulate many). One gene influences several characters.

Front 61

Polygenic inheritance

Back 61

Two or more genes on a single phenotype(height, eye color, hair color).

Front 62

Linked genes

Back 62

Goes against Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment. Close together on a chromosome, inherited together.

Front 63

Sex Chromosomes

Back 63

Influence the inheritance of certain traits. (X and Y=Male) (X and X=Female)