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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emotion |
response of whole organism, involving physiological, cognitive and behavioral components. |
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Darwinian theory |
Emotions are adaptive responses that aid in survival. Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, conscious experiences. |
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James Lang Theory |
See deer, hear pounds, and hands tremble = experiencing fear. Emotion is conscious response to environmental stimuli (arousal is how we label) |
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Emotional Experience |
Behavior results from stimulation of hypothalamus. Emotional feelings occur from Amygdala. |
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2 factor theory |
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer To experience emotion, one must: Be physically aroused and, Cognitively label the arousal. |
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Id, Ego, SuperEgo |
Id - base human needs, irrespective of social decency. Ego - Executive function. Attempts to balance id w/ social realities. Super Ego - Corresponds to internal moral guide. Learns social values and balances Ego/Id. |
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Ego's Protective Methods of reducing anxiety |
Unconsciously distorts reality to repress/satisfy urges. Repression - banish anxiety from consciousness. Underlies all other defense mechanisms. Regression - infantile psychosexual stage. Reaction formation - switches to opposite. Projection - disguise own threatening impulses/attributes to others. Rationalization - self-justifying. Displacement - shift impulses and project. Denial |
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Neo-freudians |
Alfred Adler (Inferiority complex and other childhood tensions) Karen Horney (Neurosis: functional mental disorders involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations) (small mental quirks) Carl Jung (Collective unconscious-common reservoir of images derives from former species. |
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
Henry Murray. Projective test where people express inner feelings/interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes. |
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Personality |
from frontal lobe. Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
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Freud theories |
Though unconscious mind was sea of unacceptable thoughts/wishes/etc. and that most of psyche is unconscious. (coined term: libido) -Psychoanalytic theory - personality and behavior shaped by unconscious forces and conflicts. (childhood development.) -Free association - patients say whatever came to mind in order to tap into unconscious. -preconscious - part of mind brought into awareness through focused attention (working memory) -----Conditioning can apply to these ^ |
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Freud's Psychosexual stages |
Personality develops during formation of stages of ID's pleasure-seeking energies. Focusing on erogenous zones. O - A - P - L - G |
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unconscious process vs. conscious process |
unconscious - limbic system conscious - hippocampus/cortex. |
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Hippocampus |
Memory plays role in hunger. Involved in conscious processing, along with cingulate cortex. |
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Hypothalamus |
Lateral - Receives Orexin signals (to increase hunger, saying blood glucose is low). To regulate homeostasis. Connected to Arcuate nucleus via pituitary gland. ventromedial - Tells you to stop eating. arcuate nucleus - lowest location. Secret's hormones like Orexin to protect connections to lateral hypoth. |
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Pituitary gland |
Releases ACTH for fight/flight (autonomic nerd. system). Controls other glands. Causes release of cortisol from adrenal glands. Anterior lobe communicates w/ Thalamus through blood stream. Posterior communicates w/ hypoth. by axonal connections. |
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Fornix |
Curries signals from hippocampus to mammillary bodies and then to anterior of thalamus. |
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Amygdala |
Automatic fear response, anger, etc. |
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Cingulate Cortex vs. insular cortex |
limbic system, emotional memory, and autonomic response. insular - part of temporal lobe. Regulates homeostasis activity for bodily functions. Part of limbic response. Increased activation during negative emotional responses. |
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Rorschach inkblot test |
projective test (Ambiguous stimuli used to elicit responses that reveal person's unconscious needs, drives, etc.) |
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Humors |
Greek. Illness is response to excess of fluids: Choleric, melancholic, sanguine, phlegmatic. Black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm. |
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Jung's personality types |
personality has 4 functions. Traits - descriptions of person's behavior. Constitutes personality (enduring behavioral patterns). |
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Gordon Allport |
Traits are inherited but influenced experience. Hierarchy of traits: Cardinal traits - more pervasive dimensions that define individual's general personality. Central traits - have a widespread influence on a person's behavior across many situations. |
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leptin, PPY, Ghrelin |
leptin - fat cells. Decrease Hunger PPY increase - digestive tracts. Decrease hunger. Ghrelin - stomach. Increases hunger. |
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Lobes |
frontal - orbital frontal areas involved in eating hevaiors. Also involved in personality. temporal - insular area = autonomic activity. Damage to anterior (Kluver-Bucy Syndrom) results in inappropriate eating behavior (like putting things in mouth). |
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Eating disorders |
Anorexia - 90-95% female. One of highest death rates of psychological disorders. Overall loss of 25-50% body mass. Bulimia - excessive exercise. Obsessive compulsion. 80% female. Only 5% were anorexic. Depression is most commonly diagnosed psych. disorder in USA. |
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Sexual motivation |
fits into ever level of hierarchy of needs. Influenced by physiological, psychological and social factors. drive reduction theory - to release tension. Instinct theory - genetic predisposed behaviors. Not learned. |
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Cannon-Bard theory |
A stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological response and subjective experience of emotion. -Thalamus is key to this theory. However, thalamus isn't actually involved in this process. |
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Homeostasis |
Maintaining steady internal state, like glucose levels |
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Arousal theory |
human motivation aims to seek out optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it. Not just survival needs, but need to explore. |
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Abraham Maslow |
Founded field of humanistic psychology (improvement on basic Freudian theories of psychotherapy) |
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Hierarchy of Needs in motivation theory |
Certain needs take priority over others. Physiological needs some before psychological needs. 3rd lvl - belongingness/love 4th lvl - esteem 5th lvl - self-actualizing needs (fullest potential) |
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Glucose |
source of energy for body tissues. Levels in blood are monitored by receptors (neurons) in stomach, liver, and intestines. Sends signals to hypothalamus. |
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Insulin |
Hormone secreted by pancreas, which converts glucose into fat, thereby decreasing blood glucose levels. Increases hunger. |
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Motivation |
Need or desire that directions us toward a goal. desires are psychological. Instinct theory - genetic predisposed behaviors drive-reduction theory - physiological. Physical need creates aroused tension state (drive) that motivated organism to satisfy need. |
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Aron Ralston |
"between a rock and a hard place" |
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Hysterical strength |
superhuman strength. Life or death situations. |
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Clark Hull |
Tried to predict behavior using math formulas. Influenced by James, Pavlov, Watson, and Thorndyke. |
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Facial expressions |
universal |
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fear is adaptive |
can be learned through observational learning. |
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Anxiety vs phobia |
form of fear. Results from threats that are uncontrollable or unavoidable. Typically occurs without external threat. phobia - irrational, intense, persistent fear. Classical conditioning via amygdala. Results in escape avoidance behaviors. |
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Cannon
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"fight or flight" and "homeostasis" |
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Voodoo Death |
Actions of sympathetic nervous system causing unexplained deaths in "primitive societies." Sudden death caused by strong emotional shock or overreaction. Perhaps interfered with social taboos. food intake/social isolation/cardiovascular collapse. |
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Panic attack |
episode of intense fear or apprehension. Short duration. |
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Catharsis |
releasing aggressive energy/urges. |
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surface traits |
Raymond Cattell measured 16 source traits using factor analysis). surface traits - personal traits at surface level that can be found through observation. source traits - deep level. Not apparent in observed behavior. Must been inferred based on relationships b/s surface traits.
Factor analysis - statistical way to describe and relate traits. |
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secondary traits |
2nd - influenced behavior in relatively few situations. trait theory - how people differ in traits, how traits can be measured, and how they're organized. |
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Leroux's Dual-Pathway model of fear |
thalamus to cerebral cortex - "high road". Carefully processes info. Thalamus - amygdala - "low road". Faster response to danger cues. |
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Happiness and Sadness |
happy - left frontal cortex. Less cortisol. sad - prefrontal cand temporal cortex. Amygdala/hippocampal region. dopamine and serotonin systems involved. |
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MMPI |
Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory. |
