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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cosquer Cave |
The earliest paintings in the world are foundon cave walls. Two phase: - 28000 years ago: scratches, handprints - 10000 year later: images of animals |
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Female figures and what does it mean? |
The most common type of prehistoric artworks. Cycladic female figures sculptures far outnumber male. It suggest the celebration of fertility( sự sinh sản). |
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Mesopotamia: The Cradle of Civilization |
•“The land between the rivers” –Tigris and Euphrates –Fertile Crescent •“Cradle of Civilization” –Early urban centers –Frequent battles for control over region –Polytheistic |
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Sumerians |
First great power of Mesopotamia Developed the earliest know form of writing called Cuneiform |
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Cuneiform |
Earliest known form of writing,the start of history!!! Wedge-shaped symbols Reed (pen) Pressed into wet clay |
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Ziggurat |
Stepped tower, pyramid, Madefrom baked clay (bricks) |
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Characteristics of Egyptian art |
•Subject matter relates to the afterlifeand pharaohs •Painting: delineated flat figures •Use of compositeperspective •Sculpture: static bodies •Hieroglyphs and symbolism •Hierarchic scale |
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The Rosetta Stone |
Material: Granodiorite Writing: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic script, and Greek script |
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Classical Greek art |
•“Man is the measure of all things” –Valued the achievements and potential of humanity –Portrayed idealized human bodies (mostly nude) –Athletic,intellectual culture •Polytheistic –Gods and goddesses often the subject of art |
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Classical Roman Art |
•The Roman Empire took over much of theMediterranean region, but also absorbed many of the traditions of thesecultures in its art •Images ofthe emperor were spread throughout the empire •Forums (marketplaces) were surrounded bytemples, basilicas, and civic buildings |
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Contrapposto |
a set of rules for creating a harmoniously proportioned human body using a set of mathematical ratios. mean counterpose |
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Doric, Ionic, Corinthian |
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Oculus |
A round opening at a center of a dome |
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Medievial Period |
- End of Roman Empire in the west by 476 CE - The western part of the empire followed the Roman Catholic Church, governed by Rome |
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Romanesque |
- Begin in the 11th century CE - Period of building large stone churches covered with sculpture in the Roman style |
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Gothic |
- 1150 to the fifteenth century - Known for grand cathedrals |
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Dura Europos |
- Where the oldest surviving Jewish art work can be found. - More then fifty stories are displayed in fresco painting on the wall. |
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Tesserae |
Colored glass or stone, mosaic tiles |
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Byzantine Art
Artof the Eastern part of the Roman Empire |
•Emperor Justinian great patron ofthe arts –Protectediconsat monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt •Mosaic –Madefrom glass Tesserae –Oftenplaced in Byzantine churches to reflect light •Icons –Encausticpaintings on wood –Believedtopossess powers of healing |
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San Vitale Theodora and Justinian |
* San Vitale: - Central-plan church - Covered with mosaics * Theodora and Justinian: - Justinian: Emperor - Theodora: rose from lower classes to become wife of Emperor Justinian |
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Dome of the Rock |
- In Jerusalem, Israel - Stone in Dome of the Rock is sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims |
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Kaaba, Mecca |
- Most important pilgrimage site in Islam - Birthplace of Muhammad - Five “Pillars” of Islam: devotion to Allah,prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca - Siteof the Kaaba –Builtby Abraham for God –Surroundedby mosque, Al-Masjid |
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Gothic Church characteristic |
Great height Stained-glass windows |
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Rib vaults |
Make great height possible The weight of the structure is spread through the ribs of the ceiling vaults |
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Flying Buttresses |
Function like many long, outstretched fingers to prevent the walls from falling outward |
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Cimabue |
Mark the transition from Gothic to Renaissance |
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Giotto |
Student of Cimabue Father of the Renaissance |
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Early Renaissance |
By Giotto Renaissance means 'rebirth' Move away form abstraction and symbolism of gothic and move toward naturalism |
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High Renaissance |
Greek philosophy, Christian theology, naturalism, and science were not expressed together with balance and did not conflict in this style. Epitomized by Leonardo Davinci, Michelangelo, Buonarroti, and Raphael Sanzio |
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Northern European Renaissance |
Was no so much a 'rebirth' of Greek and Roman ideas, as a development of similar ideas out of the increasing interest of Gothic art in naturalism and our world Thedevelopment in the North of oil painting, *allows great detailsandillusions of the rich and varied colors,space, light, and textures, and mass ofour world |
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Humanism |
-Revolvesaround the rediscovery and study of Greek and Roman ideas, art, and literature. -Greekand Roman ideas gave attention to human interests, achievements, andcapabilities rather than to the Medeival emphasis on human sin and inferiorityto God. -Religionwasnot abandoned, but man’s relationship withGodwas redefined. |
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Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper |
Fresco High Renaissance |
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Michelangelo, SistineChapel,1508-1512 |
fresco |
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Mannerism |
Italianword for ‘style or stylishness’ with Mannerist art stylizing or exaggeratingthe drama, emotion, realism of previous Renaissance & High Renaissanceartists. Mannerist artists exaggerated anddistorted perspective, scale, proportion…also, gestures and colors Mannerist art is often ambiguousand disquieting, suggesting the mood of the period. Directly inspired by Michelangelo |
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Baroque |
BAROQUE: 17th Century period in EuropeØDramic light and shade ØTurbulent composition ØExaggerated emotional expressionØExcessively Ornate ItalianBAROQUE developed out of the CATHOLIC CHURCH’SCOUNTER REFORMATION – the church’sRESPONSE to the PROTESTANT REFORMATION. |
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Gianlorenzo Bernini, David |
BerniniDavid (1623)Marble.6’ 7” Baroque |
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Artemisia GentileschiJudith and the Maidservant with thehead of Hologernes. C. 1625 Oil on Canvas |
Baroque |
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CATHOLICCHURCH’SCOUNTER REFORMATION – the church’sRESPONSE to the PROTESTANT REFORMATION. |
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Roccoco |
ØBythe end of the 17thcentury, France had taken the lead in European art and politics. ØInthe 18thcentury, French (and then other European) artists changed the heavy, THEATRICALelements of the BAROQUE for a more light, PLAYFUL, EXTRAVAGANT art calledROCOCO. ØROCOCOart is often EXTRAVAGANT, SOPHISTICATED, ARISTOCRATIC, ORNATE, SENSUAL,LIGHTHEARTED, even FRIVOLOUS. |
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Hudson river school |
mid-19th century American artmovement embodied by a group of landscape painters whose aesthetic vision wasinfluenced by romanticism. The paintings for which the movement is named depictthe Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area, including the Catskill,Adirondack, and the White Mountains. T |
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Thomas Cole (1801-48) |
Founder of the Hudson River School |
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Academic art |
Academic formular generally approved by goverment-approved artist and instituitions |
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Realism |
-Realism rebelled against the accepted formulas of academic art. Inpainting, realism often includes a painterly technique that emphasizes thereality of the painting as an art object, not just an artistic illusion. Many of the realist artists wentagainst convention in some manner -in their techniques, subjects, and evenpersonal or artistic lives.Ø some realist artists – such asCourbet -- sought independent shows outside the academy.Øartists such as Manet directlychallenged past art subjects and techniques.Ø |
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Age of enlightenmet |
The periodfrom 1700to 1900was an era ofupheaval inEuropeanandAmericansocieties.Therewere revolutions inFrance andtheAmericas, and the great increase inindustrializationbroughtcorrespondinglyrapidsocialand economic changes inEuropeandthe UnitedStates |
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Industrial revolution |
Crystal Palace - Great BritainGus |
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Gustav Courbet |
Realism |
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Van Gogh Starry Night |
Post- realism |
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ClaudeMonet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872, oil on canvas, 1’8”x2’2”m":false} |
Impressionism |
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Post-Impressionism- refers to trends in art thatfollowed Impressionism. |
Post-Impressionismis NOT a single style but rather reactions following or against the non- academic subjects and techniques promoted by Impressionism. -Many Post-Impressionists utilized abrighter palette and the more directapproach. -Most Post-Impressionists continuedthe study of contemporary life favoredby the Impressionists.b:n Post-Impressionist- generally characterized by strongpersonal expressions, impressions, or interpretations by each artist. -Some reacted against what was considered impressionism’ssacrifice of form and composition for the momentary. -Some reacted against what was considered thelack of importance of impressionism’sapproach to their subject matter ofcontemporary life. vvForexample, GAUGUIN, VAN GOGH, and TOULOUSE-LAUTREC added expression, emotion, andpersonal intensity to their works.@ |
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Manet 's olympia |
nude woman combine classical |
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Modernism |
–Late nineteenth century to the1960s –Straight lines, geometric shapes |
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Henri Matisse (1869–1954) Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) |
•Pioneersof Modernism: •Friendlyrivalry (Frenemies) –Each contributed to the expansionof artistic possibilities –Matisse: color and forms –Picasso: formsand abstraction |
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Cubism |
Further Embracing the painting as a2-dimentional image. Cubism:an art movement that favored a new perspective emphasizing geometric form Influenced by thepost-impressionists |
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Early Cubist painting |
•EarlyCubist painting–Houses become stacked golden cubesand pyramids–Trees and shrubs recognizable butabstracted–Houses all the same color –Focus on underlying shapes andoverall pattern•v> |
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Expressionism |
•c. 1905–1920• •Expressionistsexplored ways of portraying emotions to their fullest intensity –Exaggerating and emphasizing colorsand shapes –Departing from directrepresentation –Focusing on inner states of being –Depicting what they felt rather than what they saw •Self-portraitswere a way to explore the greatest variety and intensity of emotions |
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Dada |
Slavicfor ‘yes, yes’,artistic attitude in response to the horror and absurdity of WWI. Not a defined artistic style. -State of mind |
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Cabaret Voltaire |
-Zurich, Switzerland nightclub,founded by Hugo Ball in 1916--Many artists flocked to Switzerland(neutral) during WWI--Center for artistic, literary,political expression. Dance, song,poetry…--Featured artists like WassilyKandinsky, Paul Klee, Giorgio de Chirico, Jean Arp, etc…--Performances often chaotic anddisordered mirroring events of the war.--Spawned Dada-ism3Ѐm83Dl713qXB[k |
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MarcelDuchamp |
Dada-ism |
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Futurism |
•Originatedin Italy••From1909 to the late 1920s••Influencedby Cubism–Clashing planes and geometry–•Departuresfrom Cubism:–Celebrated dynamic movement,progress, and modern technology–Expressed contemptfor the past |
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Abstraction |
•Continuationof Cubist experimentation–Cubist artists still had anexternal reference–Abstract artists moved into therealm of complete non-objectivity•Lines, shapes, colors••Examplesof abstract movements and approaches:–Suprematism, They consideredthemselves superior to the art of the past–De Stijl,“ The Style”– |
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De Stijl |
•Dutch•“TheStyle”•AkaNeoplasticism•Foundedin 1917 in Amsterdam•Combiningart, furniture and architecture•PietMondrian, Theo van Doesburg |
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AbstractExpressionism |
•FirstModern art movement to originate in the U.S.!–Evolved in the 1940s and 1950s–Sought to create a universal visualexperience–Visual communication of emotion andenergy–•Artistsinclude:–Jackson Pollock–Mark Rothko–Barnett Newman –Willem deKooning |
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PopArt |
•Beganin the late 1950s•Embracedrecognizable subject matter and borrowed imagery from popular culture–Famous artworks and comic books–Commercial advertising and cardesign–Television and movies •Popartists bridged the division between fine art (part of “high” culture) and popular culture•Artistsinclude:–Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and ClaesOldenburg:A |
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Andy |
Andy Warhol, Thirty Are Better than One, 1963. Silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas, 9’2” × 7’10”. Popart |
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Postmodernism |
–Complex and sometimes ambiguous–Visual references to past artworks,ideas, or issues–Combinations of past and present |
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Modernand Postmodern Architecture |
•Modernism–Late nineteenth century to the1960s–Straight lines, geometric shapes–•Postmodernism–Beginning in the 1960s–Critique of Modernism: tooidealistic and inaccessible–Often combines styles fromdifferent time periodsc |
