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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Ideology |
A set of ideas that have the effect of sustaining existing power relations. |
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Hegemony |
Discourse and ideology are hidden “camouflaged” Focus on social reality as natural over social Consequences for challenging them Co-optation |
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Sex |
Male or Female genitals, biological |
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Gender |
Socially learned, identity |
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Gender socialization |
expectations as to what’s expected of your sex, masculinity and feminity |
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Gender identity |
Self identification as a man/woman, product of gender socialization |
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Gender role |
The set of behaviors associated with widely shared expectations about how males/females are supposed to act |
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Sexual orientation |
The attraction people feel for people of the same or different sex |
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Sexual identity |
The definition of oneself formed around one’s sexual relationships |
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Heterosexual |
People who prefer members of the opposite sex as sexual partners |
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Homosexual |
People who prefer members of the same sex as sexual partners |
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Homophobia |
The fear and hatred of homosexuals |
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Intersexed people |
Have ambiguous genitalia resulting from a hormone “imbalance” in the womb, or some other cause |
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Binary categorizations |
Sex= male/female Gender= masculine/feminine Sexuality= straight/gay |
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Gendered institutions |
The total pattern of gender relations that structure social institutions, including: stereotypical expectations, interpersonal relationships, and the different placement of men/women found in institutions |
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Gender Discrimination |
A practice that involves rewarding men/women differently for the same work |
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Glass ceiling |
A social barrier that makes it difficult for women to the top level of management |
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What is the dominant ideology that guides our understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality? Guides how we see and interact as men and women in our society? |
Patriarchy; Heteronormality |
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What are some countervailing ideologies? |
Feminism(s) |
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Symbolic interactionism |
Based on the idea that people act in accordance with shared meanings, orientation, and assumption |
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Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical theory |
Views social life as theatrical performance in which all actors metaphysical stages with roles, scripts, costumes, etc |
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Impression management |
Expressions we give, we give-off, create impressions we leave |
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Role theory |
Roles based of the positions we occupy(statuses) - - gender, age, race |
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Ethnomethology |
The study of methods ordinary people use, often unconsciously , to make sense of what others do and say |
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Exchange theory |
Social interaction involves trade in attention and other valued resources |
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Rational choice theory |
Interacting people always try to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
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Dramaturgical analysis |
Social interaction is constant role-playing |
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Types of Feminism |
Gender reform Gender resistant Gender resillant |
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Domination |
Nearly all power is concentrated in the hands of people of similar status |
Type of interaction |
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Coorperation |
Power is equally distributed between people of different status |
Type of interaction |
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Competition |
Power is unequally distributed but the degree of inequality is less than in systems of domination |
Type of interaction |
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Social organization |
The order that brings regularity and predictability to human behavior, is present at every level of interaction |
Sociologists study this through macroanalysis and microanalysis |
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Social control |
Process of enforcing conformity |
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Social interaction |
Involves two or more people communicating face to face and acting and reacting in relation to other people |
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Mechanical solidarity |
Arises when individuals play similar roles within the society; people feel bonded by their similarity. |
This type of solidarity is common with traditional societies and it weakens as the society becomes more complex. |
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Organic solidarity |
Arises in societies in which individuals play a great variety of roles, are interrelated through social institutions and are bound together through their division of labor. |
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Gemeinschaft soceieties |
Tend to be characterized by mechanical solidarity, held together by similarity and unity |
Characterized by a moderate division of labor, strong personal ties, strong family relationships, a sense of personal loyalty |
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Gesellschaft |
Have an elaborate division of labor that makes it cohesive, less prominence of personal ties, a somewhat, diminished role of the nuclear family, a lessened sense of personal loyalty to the total society |
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Alienation |
Refers to the condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work or the sense of self |
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