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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The transmission of traits from one generation tothe next |
Heredity |
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The scientific study of heredity |
Genetics |
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Began the field ofgenetics in the 1860s, deduced the principles ofgenetics by breeding garden peas, and relied upon a backgroundof mathematics, physics, and chemistry. |
Gregor Mendel |
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A heritable feature that varies among individuals,such as flower color |
character |
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Each variant for a character, such as purple or whiteflowers |
trait |
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_________ varieties result when self-fertilization produces offspring allidentical to the parent. |
True-breeding |
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The offspring of two different varieties are |
hybrids |
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True-breeding Parental plants generation |
P generation |
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Hybrid offspring generation |
F1 generation |
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A cross of F1 plants produces what |
F2 generation |
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A cross between two individuals differing in a singlecharacter is what |
a monohybrid cross |
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Alternative versions of genes that account forvariations in inherited characters |
Alleles |
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A sperm or egg carries only one allele for eachinherited character because allele pairs separate (segregate) from each otherduring the production of gametes. |
the law of segregation |
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A mating of parentalvarieties that differ in two character |
A dihybrid cross |
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the inheritance of one character has no effect on theinheritance of another, that the dihybrid cross is the equivalent to twomonohybrid crosses |
law of independent assortment |
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The mating between an individualof unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual. |
testcross |
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__________ traits, those prevailing innature, are not necessarily specified by dominant alleles |
Wild-type traits |
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dominant disorder that results in dwarfism |
achondroplasia |
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A degenerative disorder of the nervous system. |
Huntington’s disease |
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Occurs when one gene influences many characteristics |
Pleiotropy |
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When a single phenotypic character results from the additive effects of twoor more genes |
polygenic inheritance |
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Theory that states genes occupy specific loci(positions) on chromosomes andchromosomesundergo segregation and independent assortment during meiosis |
chromosome theory of inheritance |
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The percentage of recombinants is the _______ frequency |
recombination frequency |
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the __ chromosome has genes for the development oftestes |
Y |
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__________ genes are located on either ofthe sex chromosomes |
Sex-linked |
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Proteins are made from ___ different amino acids |
20 |
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Viruses that infect bacterial cells |
Bacteriophages |
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A is composed of a nitrogenous base, five-carbon sugar, andphosphate group |
nucleotide |
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The nucleotides are joined to one another by a ____________ |
sugar-phosphate backbone |
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RNA has the nitrogenous base ______ instead of thymine |
uracil (U) |
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DNA replication follows a ______________model |
semiconservative |
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What unwinds the strands |
DNA helicase |
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The synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA |
Transcription |
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The synthesis of proteins under the direction of RNA. |
Translation |
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Coordinate the functioning of mRNA and tRNA and, ultimately,the synthesis of polypeptides |
Ribosomes |
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The anticodon of an incoming tRNA molecule, carrying its amino acid,pairs with the mRNA codon in the A site of the ribosome |
Codon recognition |
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The new amino acid is joined to the chain. |
Peptide bond information |
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Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
Mutation |
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The production of mutations |
Mutagenesis |
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Viruses that appear suddenly or are new to medical scientists |
Emerging viruses |
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The uptake of DNA from the surrounding environment |
Transformation |
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Gene transfer by phages |
transduction |
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The transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient bacterial cell through acytoplasmic (mating) bridge |
Conjugation |
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