Test 2 -Gross Brain

Front 1

what is the wispy, weblike tissue separated from the dura mater by a thin film of fluid?

Back 1

arachnoid mater

Front 2

what mater is closely apposed to the brain?

Back 2

pia

Front 3

what is considered to be a part of the leptomeninges?

Back 3

the arachnoid and pia - this reflects their embryologic origin from the same membrane

Front 4

what dural fold divides the cerebral hemispheres? (midline)

Back 4

falx cerebri

Front 5

what dural fold separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum; and is oriented horizontally?

Back 5

tentorium cerebelli

Front 6

what dural fold is small, midline fold separating lobes of the cerebellum?

Back 6

falx cerebelli

Front 7

what dural fold forms the "roof" of hypophysial fossa, pierced by pituitary stalk?

Back 7

Diaphragma sellae

Front 8

where does the blood and CSF drain into?

Back 8

the dural sinus (superior sagittal)

Front 9

The superior sagittal sinus runs from the _______ _____ to __________ ____________ __________, (site of arachnoid villi)

Back 9

crista galli (of the cribifrom plate of the ethmoid bone) to the internal occipital protuberance

Front 10

__________ runs in the free edge of the falx cerbri and is joined by the Great Cerebral Vein to form the _________.

Back 10

Inferior Sagittal Sinus, Straight Sinus.

Front 11

What are dural sinus full of ?

Back 11

Venus Blood

Front 12

what dural sinus runs in attached edge of falx cerebelli?

Back 12

occipital sinus

Front 13

T/F there is a epidural space above the dura mater?

Back 13

False, there is a epidural POTENTIAL space

Front 14

T/F there is a subdural space below the dura mater?

Back 14

False, there is a Subdural POTENTIAL space

Front 15

What are the two types of dura mater?

Back 15

Periosteal and meningeal

Front 16

What does the periosteal dura mater line?

Back 16

the cranial vault

Front 17

What dura mater follows the surface of the brain?

Back 17

meningeal

Front 18

T/F arteries are found within the periosteum of the bone.

Back 18

True, if an artery ruptured it would result in a extradural (epidural) hematoma, squishing the brain if the skull isn't crushed.

Front 19

what usually causes a Subdural hematoma?

Back 19

a rupture of a VEIN, which doesn't have as high of pressure because of pumjp

Front 20

What is arachnoid trabeculae filled with?

Back 20

CSF

Front 21

Cerebral vessels(arteries and veins) are also found in the subarachnoid space - if one ruptured here what would it be called?

Back 21

subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Front 22

What receives the straight, superior sagittal and occipital sinuses?

Back 22

Confluence of Sinuses

Front 23

What does the confluence of sinuses drain in to?

Back 23

the Transverse sinuses

Front 24

What drains into the sigmoidal sinuses?

Back 24

the transverse sinuses

Front 25

What do sigmoidal sinuses become and at what level?

Back 25

Internal Jugular veins at the Jugular foramen.

Front 26

Where does MOST of the blood flow from the brain?

Back 26

down the Spinal core via the internal venous plexus

Front 27

Where is the cavernous sinus found?

Back 27

around the sella turcica (around the diaphragma sellae)

Front 28

What is the cavernous sinus drained by?

Back 28

Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses

Front 29

What veins are unique because of their LOW pressure and flow?

Back 29

Superior and Inferior Opthalmic veins

Front 30

What communicates between the cavernous sinus and facial vein?

Back 30

Superior and inferior opthalmic veins.

Front 31

T/F Depending on if you were lying prone/supine the blood found in the opthalmic arteries would flow according to your position.

Back 31

True

Front 32

What three plexi are found within the brain?

Back 32

Cavernous sinus, Pterygoid, External venous (used when standing)

Front 33

Which plexus can be utilized in causing meningitis into the cranial vault? (hint: used when standing)

Back 33

External venous plexus

Front 34

T/F the lateral ventricles are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord

Back 34

True

Front 35

What 3 lobes do the lateral ventricles extend into?

Back 35

frontal temporal, and occipital

Front 36

Where is the third ventricle found?

Back 36

narrow midline ventricle beneath the corpus callosum

Front 37

What ventricle is found within the brainstem?

Back 37

fourth

Front 38

What is CSF secreted by?

Back 38

Choroid Plexus

Front 39

Where is the MOST choroid plexus found?

Back 39

in the lateral ventricles, but, it is found in all 4 ventricles

Front 40

How much CSF does the choroid plexus make per day?

Back 40

500 ml/day

Front 41

What are the functions of the CSF?

Back 41

Support, Protect, pathway for wastes, ionic concentration control, diffusion medium for nutrients/drugs, buffer(ions) - CNS components "float" - well not really, brain actually rests, doesn't float

Front 42

What is the Flow of CSF?

Back 42

It circulates from the choroid plexus through the interventricular foramina (foramen of Monro) into the third ventricle, and then through the cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius) into the fourth ventricle, where it exits through two lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka) and one median aperture (foramen of Magendie). It then flows through the cerebellomedullary cistern down the spinal cord and over the cerebral hemispheres.

Front 43

What is the septum Pellucidum

Back 43

thin triangular membrane, that separates the lateral ventricles

Front 44

T/F the Brain is Terrific at storing oxygen

Back 44

FALSE it is super lousy at storing oxygen!

Front 45

Where do you usually take a spinal tap?

Back 45

between L3 and L4

Front 46

What does the thalamostriate + septal vein =

Back 46

internal cerebral vein

Front 47

What landmark do the thalamostriate and septal vein show in radiographs?

Back 47

the interventricular foramen of monro

Front 48

What veins are involved in superficial venous circulation?

Back 48

middle cerebral vein, superior anastomotic vein, inferior anastomotic vein

Front 49

What veins are involved in Deep venous circulation?

Back 49

thalamostriate, septal, Int. Cerebral, Straight sinus, Great cerebral vein Superior Sagittal sinus

Front 50

What is the cerebellomedullary cistern also known as?

Back 50

cisterna magna

Front 51

When CSF flows out of the 4th ventricle, where does it go?

Back 51

to the cisterna magna and then to the lumbar cistern of the spinal cord or around the brain via other cisterns and arachnoid trabeculae.