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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brain is what % of body mass? How much resting energy does it use?
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2%; 20%
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Where does e- transport and ox phos occur?
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Inner mit membrane
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Mitochondrial function is tightly controlled by
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the nucleus
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Outer membrane contains _______that are freely permeable up to ____
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porins; 10K
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Inner membrane is permeable only to
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O2, H2O, and CO2...everything else needs a transporter
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What are the two shuttles to move electrons from NADH from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria?
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Malate/Aspartate shuttle and Glycerol Phosphate shuttle
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Malate/Asp shuttle was used in ch 16 for what purpose
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to move OXAL + 2e-'s from mito --> cytoplasm
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Is the Malate/Asp shuttle reversible or irreversible? Glycerol Phosphate shuttle?
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reversible; irreversible
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Malate/Asp shuttle turns cytoplasmic NADH into how many ATP? Glycerol phosphate shuttle?
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3; 2
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Ca2+ increases where when muscles contract? In order to activate Pyr DH and TCA where does Ca2+ need to go?
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cytoplasm; mitochondria
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Ca2+ from cyto --> mitoch has high or low Km? Vmax? Mito --> cyto?
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high; high; low; low
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Delta G = -nFdeltaE...n=? F=? E?
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# of e- transferred; Faradays constant (96.5 kJ/volt);std red potential
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Does NAD+ need energy to accept electrons? 1/2 O2 + 2H+?
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Yes; No
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delta E =
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E acceptor - E donor
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NADH --> O2 require how many e- transfer complexes? How many H+ released?
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3; 10
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The higher the electron affinity, the lower or higher the energy?
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Lower
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Complexes I, III and IV have increasing or decreasing electron affinity?
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Increasing
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What are the three steps in complex I?
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FMN, Fes, Fes
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What are the steps in complex III?
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Q --> FeS or cyt bL. FeS goes to Cyt c1. Cyt bL goes to bH then back to Q
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What are the steps in complex IV?
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From cyt C it goes to CuA, then cyt a, then cyt a3-CuB
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How many Hydrogens are expelled from Complex I? Q? IV?
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4; 4; 2
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NADH pumps how many electrons through the ETC?
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2
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Complex I is reduced by? Oxidized by?
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NADH; coenzyme Q
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What are the electron carriers in complex I?
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FMN and FeS
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Draw Q
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.
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Draw QH
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.
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Draw QH2
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.
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Complex III is reduced by? Oxidized by?
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QH2; Cyt C
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Electron carriers in complex III are
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FeS and cytochromes
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Complex IV is reduced by? Oxidized by?
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Cyt C; O2
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Electron carriers in complex IV are
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cytochromes and Cu
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How many H+ are pumped across mito. inner membrane per 2 e-? It works in batches of how many electrons...
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2; 4
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Complex IV transfers electrons in batches of ___ in order to _____ the cell from ___________ _______.
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4; shield; reactive intermediates
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What does complex II do?
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Succinate <--> fumarate with enzyme succinate DH
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What energy is used in complex II?
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FAD <--> FADH2
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Draw succinate and fumarate
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.
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What inhibits complex II? IV?
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fish poison rotenone; Cyanide
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delta pH =? charge component =?
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0.75 units (alkaline inside); 0.168 volts (negative inside)
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How many protons needed to make ATP?
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2-3....more likely 3
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delta G phys for ATP synth is
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40-50...more likely 50
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Which complexes use FADH2 and how many H+ were created? NADH?
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III-4 and IV-2; I-4, III-4, and IV-2
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NADH makes how many H+? ATP? How many H+ leftover?
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10;3;1
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FADH2 makes how many H+? ATP?
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6; 2
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P/O ration =
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2.5...whatever that means
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The malate/Asp shuttle moves NADH into mito directly or indirectly? Glycerol P shuttle?
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indirectly; directly
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How does the malate/Asp shuttle move NADH into the mito?
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reduces OXAL to malate in the cytosol and moves it into mito. Then it is reoxidized to make OXAL and NADH.
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How does the glycerophosphate shuttle in insects transport NADH?
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Reduces DHAP in cytosol to 3PG and NAD+. Flavoprotein DH oxidizes 3PG which directly puts electrons into ETC
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Transfer of electrons from NADH --> O2 makes how many ATP?
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3
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cytochrome C is a peripheral membrane protein with ...
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a heme prosthetic group
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What reduces complex II?
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succinate DH
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Does the Q cycle involve free radicals? neg or pos?
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yes; neg
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How many H+'s per 120 degree turn of ATP synthase? 3 turns = how many ATP and H+?
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3; 3, 9
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On ATP synthase, Nonbinding --> loose =
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will no bind ADP +Pi
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Loose --> Tight (ATP synthase)
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ADP + Pi --> ATP
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Tight --> Nonbinding (ATP synthase)
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ATP will be ejected
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What do uncouplers do?
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Drain H+ gradient without making ATP. Makes HEAT!
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What diet pill was discontinued as a decoupler?
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Dinitrophenol
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