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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wolff's Law
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Holds that a bone grows or remodels in response to the forces or demands placed upon it. Ex. Long Bones are thickest midway along the shaft where bending stress is greatest. Ex. Curver bones are thickest where they are most likely to buckle.
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What are androgens?
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A hormone such as such as testosterone that controls the male secondary sex characteristics. Male sex hormones.
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What is ossification or osteogenesis?
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The process of bone formation.
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Endocrine vs. Exocrine Gland
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Endocrine glands are ductless that empty there hormonal products directly into the blood. Exocrine Glands have ducts through which their secretions are carried to a paticular site.
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What are osteoblasts?
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Bone forming Cells.
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What are osteocytes?
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Mature Bone cells.
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What are osteoclast?
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Large cells that resorb or breakdown bone matrix.
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What are Chondrocytes?
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Mature cells of cartilage.
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Characteristics of the different stratum layers in the epidermis.
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Basal-consist of single row of youngest keratinocytes. Stratum spinosum- cells contain a weblike systerm of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes. Stratum granulosum- thin three to five cell layer in which drastic changes keratinocytes appearance occures. Stratum Lucidum- consist of few rows of flat dead keratinocytes. Stratum Cornieum- outer most layer of keratinized cells and accounts for three quaters of the epidermal thickness.
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What is fibroblast?
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Young actively mitotic cell that forms the fibers of connective tissue.
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Different types of cartilage and where its found.
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Elastic located in external ear and epiglottis. Fibro located in the menisci of the knee and intervertebral dics. Hyaline located at the end of long bones, costal which connects ribs to sternum, respiratory passages which makes up larynx and reinforces air passages, and nasal supports the nose.
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characteristics of intramembranous ossification?
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results in the formation of cranial bones of the skul and clavicles. All bones formed by this process are flat bones. It begins at about 8 weeks of development.
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characteristics of endochondral ossification?
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Except for clavicles, essentially all bones of the skeleton below the base of the skull are formed by this process. Begins in the second month of development uses hyaline cartilage.
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Appositional vs. Interstitial growth
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Appositional growth is growth accomplished by the addition of new layers onto those previously formed. Interstitial growth the lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix expanding the cartilage from within.
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What is the rule of nines and the classifications of burns?
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The rule of nines estimates the severity of burns. First degree- only epidermis is damaged. Second degree epidermis and upper region of dermis are damaged. Third degree is entire thickness of skin is damaged.
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Different types of skin cancer and where they arise in the epidermis?
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Melanoma-where ever there is pigment. Squamous cell carcinoma- scalp,ears and lower lip. Basal cell carcinoma- invade the dermis and epidermis.
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What are mesenchvmal cells?
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the cell from which all connective tissue arises.
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What 3 fibers make up connective tissue and what cell is responsible for making them?
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collagen, elastic, and reticular
Fibroblast is the cell that is responsible. |
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Where is arector pili muscle located and what kind of muscle is it?
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Its attached to hair follicle, and is smooth muscle cell that raises the cell.
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Correct order of the epidermal layers?
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Cornieum, lucidium, granulosum,spinosum, basal
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Where are melanocytes and what do they produce?
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Found in the dermis and produces melanin.
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What are the ingredients of sweat?
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It is 99% water, with some salts(mostly soduim chloride), and vitamin C, antibodies, a microbe-killing peptide dubbed dermicidin, and traces of metabolic waste(urea, uric acid,and ammonia)
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What is the epiphyseal plate? When do you have it?
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Plate of hyaline cartalige at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis that provides growth in the length of a long bone. During childhood.
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What does open reduction mean?
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Bone ends penetrate the skin.
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What does closed reduction mean?
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Bone ends do not penetrate the skin.
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What does displaced mean?
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Bone ends are out of normal alingment.
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What does nondisplaced mean?
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Bone ends retain normal position.
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Stages of healing in tissue and bones?
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Bone- hematoma formations, fibrocartlaginous callus form, boney callus form, bone remodeling.
Tissue-inflamation sets in, organization restores the blood supply and regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair. |
