Test 2

Front 1

Mammals vs non mammals

Back 1

Live birth warm blooded lactation gestation larger brains 4 limbs hair

Front 2

Primates vs non primates

Back 2

Prehensile grasping trichromatic color vision optic nerve splits into two eyes point forward opposable thumb flat nails reduced sense of smell larger eyes complex learned behavior long gestation social groups

Front 3

Haplorrhines vs strepsirrhines

Back 3

S have larger eyes sensory whiskers dental comb nocturnal digits act together vertical clinging and leaping

Front 4

Prehensile

Back 4

Grasping tail in new world central and South America

Front 5

Brachiation

Back 5

Long arms swing through forest in Southeast Asia

Front 6

Hominoids vs primates

Back 6

Large size no tail aboreal broader noses large brain

Front 7

Humans vs hominoids

Back 7

Bipedal reduce canines bigger brain

Front 8

catarrhines (in relation to P)

Back 8

C- downward nostrils bigger terrestrial sexual dimorphism

Front 9

Platyrrhines (in relation to c)

Back 9

Lateral nostrils tails

Front 10

Hylobatids (in relation to hominoids)

Back 10

Smaller brachiators monogamous little sexual dimorphism territorial

Front 11

Humans

Hap-simiiformes-catarrhini hominoid-hominid-hominine

Back 11

Habitual specialized bipedal reduce canines huge brain

Front 12

Lemurs (strep)

Back 12

Large eyes Madagascar dental combs quadrupedal brachiating leaves insects fruit gum female dominant

Front 13

Lorises (strep)

Back 13

Aboreal nocturnal fruit gum insects small

Front 14

Tarsiers (hap)

Back 14

Small nocturnal aboreal insects and small vertebrates dry nose post orb plate foeva

Front 15

Foeva

Back 15

Central area of higher resolution vision

Front 16

Cercopithecines (baboons)

(Hap-simiiformes-Catarrhines)

Back 16

Semi terrestrial large multi male multi female groups

Front 17

Gibbons and siamangs

(hap-simiiformes-catarrhines-hominoids-hylobatids)

Back 17

Smaller tropical forest of Asia brachiators monogamous territorial

Front 18

Orangutans (pongo)

(Hap-simiiformes-catarrhines-hominoids-hominids-pomginae)

Back 18

SE Asia islands extreme sexual dimorphism quadrumanual aboreal when small fruit leaves bark

Front 19

Gorillas

(Hap-semiiformes-catarrhines-hominoids-hominids-hominines)

Back 19

Central African forest small groups 1-2 males few females leaves stalks bamboo terrestrial

Front 20

Chimps and bonobos

(Hap-semiiformes-catarrhines-hominoids-hominids-hominines)

Back 20

Plants fruits insects animals males>females multi male multi female female vs male dispersal tool use

Front 21

Frugivore

Back 21

Big wide incisors

Wide home range grown patchy

Front 22

Polygyny

Back 22

One male

Front 23

Polyandry

Back 23

One female

Front 24

Coefficient of relatedness

Back 24

Fraction of alleles that 2 individuals share due to having a shared ancestor

Front 25

Kin selection

Back 25

Selection in which a trait becomes more or less common because it affects reproductive success of relatives more than non relatives

Front 26

Reciprocal altruism

Back 26

Altruistic behavior that is selected altruist is consistently repaid more than cost of action

Front 27

Sexual selection

Back 27

Selection that favors physical or behavioral traits that increase male success in mating

Front 28

Intrasexual selection

Back 28

Selection due to differences of same sex mating differences male male competition compete for access to females

Front 29

Intersexual selection

Back 29

Female choice females mate with given trait so it becomes exaggerated in males peacocks

Front 30

Altruistic behavior

Back 30

Behavior has cost to actor and benefit to another

Front 31

Inclusive fitness

Back 31

Total number of copies of individuals alleles to next generation both directly and indirectly

Front 32

How can natural selection lead to altruistic behavior using concepts of kin selection inclusive fitness and Hamilton's rule?

Back 32

Altruistic behavior can be favored of recipient is a relative of the actor and the cost to actor is less than benefit to recipient discounted by fraction of alleles that they share by descent

Front 33

Predators of primates

Back 33

Pythons raptorial birds crocs leopards other primates people

Front 34

Female philopatry

Back 34

Male dispersal

Front 35

Male philopatry

Back 35

Female dispersal

Front 36

Short/fast life history strategy

Back 36

Have lot of kids fast in short amounts of time a lot die

Front 37

Short/fast life history strategy

Back 37

Have lot of kids fast in short amounts of time a lot die

Front 38

Long slow life history strategy

Back 38

Have kids slowly take a long time for each to grow fewer die

Front 39

Neocortex

Back 39

Executive in charge of making decisions neocortex ratio fraction of the brain that is neocortex

Front 40

Social intelligence hypothesis

Back 40

Greater intelligence was favored because it allowed brains to keep track of social dynamics of bigger groups

Front 41

Flexible behavior hypothesis

Back 41

Greater intelligence helped individuals solve new problems by inventing the new behaviors themselves and by being able to learn from others

Front 42

Extracted foods

Back 42

Foods that take complicating actions to get to

Front 43

Third party relationships

Back 43

between two other individuals, not directly involving the individual who knows about them

Front 44

Theory of mind

Back 44

Awareness that others minds are different from our own

Front 45

Resource defense theory of sociality

Back 45

Being in a group improves access to resources compared to being alone

Front 46

Sociality

Back 46

The degree to which individual tend to associate in social groups

Front 47

Predation theory of sociality

Back 47

Being in a group offers greater protection against predation

Front 48

Evolution (pop genetics)

Back 48

Change in allele frequency from one generation to the next