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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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toxicology |
the study of poisons/toxins and their effects on organisms |
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ecotoxicology |
includes toxicology as well as the additional investigation of the environmental factors influencing exposure dynamics |
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pesticides |
most common uses of toxins and a basis for ecotoxicological studies is the development, use, and testing of.... |
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pest |
an undesirable competitor, parasite, or predator that interferes in some way with human welfare or activities. |
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persistence and solubility |
two factors that affect toxicity of substances |
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persistence |
how long does a chemical such as a pesticide take to break down in the environment |
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solubility |
the ability of a chemical to dissolve in liquid |
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water soluble |
can be excreted from your body, easily enter and accumulate in aquatic ecosystems |
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fat soluble |
chemicals are absorbed into fatty tissues and there is a potential of build up in bodies |
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bioacccumulation and bio-magnification |
build up of persistent fat soluble chemicals in the body over time |
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acute exposure and chronic exposure |
factors that affect toxicity |
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acute exposure |
symptoms develop rapidly following exposure and absorption, involves large amounts of chemical. |
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chronic exposure |
takes place over a long period of time following prolonged exposure to often low of pollutants |
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antagonistic effect |
these are chemicals that interact to cancel out or lessen the toxicity effect |
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synergistic effect |
combining these toxins results in a pronounced effect and much greater response than would be expected |
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long range transport of air pollutants |
LRTAP |
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LRTAP |
also called the grasshopper effect, pollutants gravitate to the poles using air currents. travel by wind and water and are deposited hundred of thousands of km from source. |
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indirect ecotoxicological stresses |
example: herbicides kill plants and thereby change the habitat of animals, depriving herbivores of their preferred food. |
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lethal dose |
ld stands for |
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effective does |
ed stand for |
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lethal dose |
a does that causes death, would be lethal to 50% of population |
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sublethal dose |
a dose that has a measurable effect, would show a specific response in 50% of population. |
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threshold level |
maximum dose with no observable effect (noel) |
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hazard quotient |
hq stands for |
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exposure concentration (eec) / effect concentration (tbc) |
formula for finding hazard quotient (hq) |
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exposure concentration (eec) |
expected environmental concentration, determined from actual environmental samples
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effect concentration (tbc) |
toxicological benchmark concentration, determined from toxicity data |
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population growth rate |
the percentage increase in population over a period of time |
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doubling time |
the time needed to double the size of the population (70/percentage rate of growth) |
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exponential growth rate |
increase by a fixed percentage over tie |
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logistic growth rate |
begins growing exponentially but then slows down due to limiting environmental factors |
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carrying capacity |
largest population that can be sustained indefinitely without degrading resources and jeopardizing availability for future generations |
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Internationalunion for the conservation of nature (international level) |
IUCN stands for |
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species at risk act |
SARA stand for |
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extinct |
a species that no longer exists |
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extirpated |
species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring somewhere else. |
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endangered |
a species facing imminent extirpation or extinction |
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Threatened |
a species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed |
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special concern |
a species particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events |
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invasive alien species |
organisms that are not native to a region that when introduced, either intentionally or accidentally, out compete native species of available resources |
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ecological changes, economic losses, health concerns, recreational losses |
why ias is important |
