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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
During sexual reproduction what happens to a gamete?
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it fuses with another gamete to produce a zygote
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Describe synapsis?
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it is when homologues are paired closely together = xx
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Describe interphase I in meiosis?
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it is the same as the interphase in mitosis as replication of chromosomes occur
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Describe porphase I in meiosis
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crossing over between synapsistic homologues take place
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What is meiosis?
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it is the process of making haploid gametes or four daughter cells by sexual reproduction
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Describe metaphase I in meiosis?
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homologous chromosomes are held together by kinetochore on only one side as the joined pairs line up (in pairs)on the midline of the cell preparing for anaphase I
note: the pairs are not gender specific and are choosen randomly on which side the homolgous choromosome pairs will line up |
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Describe anaphase I?
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pulls apart whole chromosome x, as the spindle pulls one to each pole as earlier noted there is a random orientation as to which side they go to
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Describe telophase I?
bonus: are sister chromatids identical during meiosis or mitosis? |
same as in mitosis
sister chromatids are identical during mitosis because in meiosis there is crossing over, eliminating identicality |
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What is the difference in interphase II?
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there is no replication of the chromosomes and it is a brief process
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Describe meiosis II?
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p = no crossing over
m = chromosome line up like in mitosis a = rips apart sister chromatids forming haploids t = seperation into four haploid daughter cells |
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What is mammilian oogenesis?
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germ cells go through this process in which cells start meiosis and then stop, re-starting only in response to specific signals
it also has unequal cytokinesis |
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What is asexual reproduction?bonus: why is sexual reproduction favored over this?
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all chromosome are inherited from one parent
inability to get rid of mutations |
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What is parthenogenesis?
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development of a male from an unfertilized egg, (including bees, whiptail lizards, amphids)
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction?
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genetic variability
energetic costs while disrupting good gene combinations |
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What is nondisjunction?
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it is the failure of homologoues or sister chromatids to seperate properly during meiosis
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bonus:
a. what is the test called that checks for a chromosomal abnormality in a fetus? b. what are the male and female chromosomes in birds? |
amniocentesis
zw is female zz is male |