Test 2

Front 1

Osmotolerant Mircrobes and their physiological adaptions

Back 1

Tolerate High or low osmotic water activity.
Adaption=Accumulation of compatable solutes(inc. osmotic pressure within cell)
ex: honey, molasses, salt flats.
Microbial Example: Halobacterium Species and Staphyloccocus aureus

Front 2

Acid Tolerance

Back 2

Low: High pH >10 Alkophiles
High: Low pH>3 Acidophiles

Front 3

Alkophiles(what H+ does) and what are the physiological adaptions and an example.

Back 3

H+ rushes in bc their is a lower internal pH.
P.A: Increase H+ uptake.
Ex: Bacillus alkalophilus

Front 4

Acidophiles(What does H+ do) and what are the physiological adaption and an example

Back 4

H+ rushes out
Adaptions: pump out H+
Ex: Heliobacter pylori->in stomach produces urease to make an ammonium cloud.

Front 5

Psychrophiles

Back 5

low temperature lovers found in tundra about 4C. (0-15C)

Front 6

Mesophiles

Back 6

Medium Temperature found in our bodies, plants >15C (20-37C)

Front 7

Thermophiles

Back 7

High temperature found in the bottom of the ocean and in geysers and hot springs >55C

Front 8

Extreme thermophiles

Back 8

>80C

Front 9

Adaptations of temperature

Back 9

1)Prevent membreance from losing structural intergrity. Inc. Hopanoids, Ince. thioethers (archea)
2)Enzyme stability- need thermo stable enzymes(low temp-> slow enzyme reactions)

Front 10

Taq Polymerase

Back 10

thermal stable enzyme. Used in Polymerase chain rxn (PCR)

Front 11

Polymerase Chain Reation(PCR)

Back 11

Amplification of target DNA 10^6 fold within short period.
Involves a series of DNA melting-94C, Annealing-50C, and polymerization-72C

Front 12

aerotolerant

Back 12

tolerate small amount of oxygen

Front 13

Aerobes(obligate)

Back 13

Must have oxygen. Humans

Front 14

Facultative aerobes

Back 14

can live in aerobic and anaerobic environments

Front 15

Microaerophiles

Back 15

require other gases combined with oxygen. Such as carbon dioxide.

Front 16

Anaerobes

Back 16

cannot tolerate oxygen.
No SOD
No Catalase

Front 17

What is it about oxygen?

Back 17

metabolism in oxygenic environments generates toxic oxygen species

Front 18

Physical adaptions of oxygen tolerance

Back 18

Must have superoxide Dismutases
2O2+2H+->O2 + 2H2O2
2H2O2-> with catalase 2H20 + 02.

Front 19

Osmotolerant Mircrobes and their physiological adaptions

Back 19

Tolerate High or low osmotic water activity.
Adaption=Accumulation of compatable solutes(inc. osmotic pressure within cell)
ex: honey, molasses, salt flats.
Microbial Example: Halobacterium Species and Staphyloccocus aureus

Front 20

Acid Tolerance

Back 20

Low: High pH >10 Alkophiles
High: Low pH>3 Acidophiles

Front 21

Alkophiles(what H+ does) and what are the physiological adaptions and an example.

Back 21

H+ rushes in bc their is a lower internal pH.
P.A: Increase H+ uptake.
Ex: Bacillus alkalophilus

Front 22

Acidophiles(What does H+ do) and what are the physiological adaption and an example

Back 22

H+ rushes out
Adaptions: pump out H+
Ex: Heliobacter pylori->in stomach produces urease to make an ammonium cloud.

Front 23

Psychrophiles

Back 23

low temperature lovers found in tundra about 4C. (0-15C)

Front 24

Mesophiles

Back 24

Medium Temperature found in our bodies, plants >15C (20-37C)

Front 25

Thermophiles

Back 25

High temperature found in the bottom of the ocean and in geysers and hot springs >55C

Front 26

Extreme thermophiles

Back 26

>80C

Front 27

Adaptations of temperature

Back 27

1)Prevent membreance from losing structural intergrity. Inc. Hopanoids, Ince. thioethers (archea)
2)Enzyme stability- need thermo stable enzymes(low temp-> slow enzyme reactions)

Front 28

Taq Polymerase

Back 28

thermal stable enzyme. Used in Polymerase chain rxn (PCR)

Front 29

Polymerase Chain Reation(PCR)

Back 29

Amplification of target DNA 10^6 fold within short period.
Involves a series of DNA melting-94C, Annealing-50C, and polymerization-72C

Front 30

aerotolerant

Back 30

tolerate small amount of oxygen

Front 31

Aerobes(obligate)

Back 31

Must have oxygen. Humans

Front 32

Facultative aerobes

Back 32

can live in aerobic and anaerobic environments

Front 33

Microaerophiles

Back 33

require other gases combined with oxygen. Such as carbon dioxide.