Test 2/16 - 2

Front 1

to make something happen [= cause] "How can we ★★ a change in attitudes?" "A huge amount of environmental damage has been ★★ by the destruction of the rainforests."

Back 1

…を引き起こす、…をもたらす bring about …, brought about ‐ Medical breakthroughs have brought about great benefits for humanity as a whole. 52. 医学の飛躍的進歩は人類全体に多大な利益（金銭的恩恵）をもたらしてきた。

Front 2

used to say that all the parts of something are being considered together "This project will be of great benefit to the region ★★★."

Back 2

全体として、総じて as a whole ‐ Medical breakthroughs have brought about great benefits for humanity as a whole. 52. 医学の飛躍的進歩は人類全体に多大な利益（金銭的恩恵）をもたらしてきた。

Front 3

used after a negative statement to say that the next thing you mention is even more unlikely "The baby can't even sit up yet, ★★ walk!"

Back 3

…はもちろん（ない） let alone … ‐ We can't apply cloning techniques to cattle, let alone human beings. It's forbidden. 53. 我々は、人間はもちろん、（畜産用の）牛にもクローン技術を適用してはならない。それは禁止されている。

Front 4

★ the limit of someone's power or ability to do something "He lives in Paraguay, well ★★★★ the British authorities."

Back 4

…の力の及ばない、…の手の届かない beyond the reach of … ‐ The theory of evolution is beyond the reach of my imagination. 55. 進化論は私の想像力の範囲を超えている。

Front 5

★ a good reason for doing, believing, or saying something "The proposal was rejected ★ environmental ★."

Back 5

理由、…の理由で grounds, on ethical grounds ‐ On ethical grounds, they are opposed to so-called gene therapy. 57. 倫理的な理由から、彼らはいわゆる遺伝子治療に反対している。

Front 6

［formal］ because of something "★★ a lack of funds, the project will not continue next year." "Flight BA213 has been delayed ★★ fog."

Back 6

…のため owing to … オｳｲﾝｸﾞ Owing to illness, some representatives were absent from the annual conference. 60. 病気のために、何人かの代表者は年次会議を欠席した。

Front 7

★ not at work, school, a meeting etc, because you are sick or decide not to go [≠ present] "students who are regularly ★★ school"

Back 7

欠席、…を欠席する absent, be absent from … ‐ Owing to illness, some representatives were absent from the annual conference. 60. 病気のために、何人かの代表者は年次会議を欠席した。

Front 8

gradually "★★★ he became accepted by the family."

Back 8

徐々に little by little ‐ Little by little, my son-in-law is recovering from stomach cancer, and now he is in good spirits. 61. 徐々に、私の義理の息子は胃癌から回復していて、今は良い精神状態にある。

Front 9

★ the way someone feels at a particular time, for example if they are happy or sad [↪ mood] "Seb was still ★★★ after winning the race."(=be excited and happy)

Back 9

精神状態、高揚している spirits, in high spirits, in good spirits ‐ Little by little, my son-in-law is recovering from stomach cancer, and now he is in good spirits. 61. 徐々に、私の義理の息子は胃癌から回復していて、今は良い精神状態にある。

Front 10

to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits you or if it suits you, especially in a shop "Meg was ★ing ★ some red sandals."

Back 10

…を試着する try on … ‐ I don't think those pants look good on you. Try these on. They're really in now! 65. それらのズボンが君に似合うとは思わない。これらを試しにはいてみて。今本当に流行っているの。

Front 11

to leave a room or building "★★★ the kitchen!" "He ★★★ the cab in haste, saying, "Keep the change.""

Back 11

…から出る get out of …, got out of ‐ He got out of the cab in haste, saying, "Keep the change." 66. 彼は、「お釣りはとっておいて。」と言って、急いでタクシーから降りた。

Front 12

［written or formal］ quickly or ★★★ "They left ★★, without even saying goodbye."

Back 12

急いで in a hurry, in haste ‐ He got out of the cab in haste, saying, "Keep the change." 66. 彼は、「お釣りはとっておいて。」と言って、急いでタクシーから降りた。

Front 13

［spoken］ used to say who is going to pay for something "The drinks are ★ me!" "Each table will get a bottle of champagne ★★★ (=paid for by the restaurant, hotel etc)."

Back 13

…が支払う、店のおごりで be on somebody, on the house ‐ "It's on me." "No. You treat me every time we eat out." "Well, okey. Let's split the check then." 68. 「僕のおごりです。」「だめ。あなたは外食の時いつも私におごってるじゃない」「え～分かった。じゃあ割り勘にしよう。」

Front 14

［informal］ to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people "I don't really know who she ★s ★ with." "Where do the youngsters ★★?"

Back 14

たむろする、ぶらつく hang out ‐ While I was hanging out at the mall, I ran into Ken. 69. ショッピングセンターをぶらぶらしていたら、ケンに偶然出会った。

Front 15

［informal］ to meet someone by chance "Guess who I ★★ in town today!"

Back 15

…に偶然会う run into …, ran into ‐ While I was hanging out at the mall, I ran into Ken. 69. ショッピングセンターをぶらぶらしていたら、ケンに偶然出会った。

Front 16

if you are ★★ something, you do not have enough of it "Our libraries are ★★ funds."

Back 16

…が足りない、不足する be short of … ‐ I was short of cash, so I withdrew the 100 that I had deposited in my bank account last week. 70. 現金が不足していたので、先週銀行口座に預けた100ドルを引き出した。

Front 17

★ to steal money or property from a person, bank etc [↪ steal, burgle] *Someone can ★ a person or place, but you cannot say that they ★ an object or amount of money. Use steal: He ★ed a bank, stealing cash and valuables worth $500,000. "On her way home she was ★ed ★ her purse."

Back 17

…から強奪する rob, be robbed of … ‐ On her way home she was robbed of her purse. 71. 家に帰る途中で、彼女はハンドバッグを奪われた。

Front 18

to try to get help, advice, or sympathy from someone "I don't know who to ★★." "The Namibian government ★ed ★ South Africa for help."

Back 18

…に頼る turn to … ‐ Now that I've found that there's no one to turn to, I'll have to stand on my own two feet. 75. （今や）頼る人が誰もいないと分かったのだから、私は自立しなくてはならない（未来）。

Front 19

to be able to do what you need to do, earn your own money, etc without help from others "She's never learned to ★★★★★."

Back 19

自立する、自活する stand on one's own two feet, stand on her own feet ‐ Now that I've found that there's no one to turn to, I'll have to stand on my own two feet. 75. （今や）頼る人が誰もいないと分かったのだから、私は自立しなくてはならない（未来）。

Front 20

to interrupt someone and stop them from finishing what they were saying "Emma ★ him ★ in mid-sentence."

Back 20

…の話を遮る cut off … ‐ The chairman cut me off, saying, "Time to wind things up. Let's take a vote." 76. 議長は私の話を遮り、「終わりにする時間だ。決をとりましょう。」と言った。

Front 21

to bring an activity, meeting etc to an end "OK, just to ★★, could I summarize what we've decided?" "It's time to ★ things ★ - I have a plane to catch."

Back 21

…を終わらせる wind up … ワｲﾝﾄﾞ The chairman cut me off, saying, "Time to wind things up. Let's take a vote." 76. 議長は私の話を遮り、「終わりにする時間だ。決をとりましょう。」と言った。

Front 22

★ an occasion when a group of people vote in order to decide something or choose a representative [= ballot] "Unless anyone has anything to add, we'll ★★★." "Let's ★★★ on it."

Back 22

票、決を採る・採決する take a vote ‐ The chairman cut me off, saying, "Time to wind things up. Let's take a vote." 76. 議長は私の話を遮り、「終わりにする時間だ。決をとりましょう。」と言った。

Front 23

★ one of the people, groups, or countries opposing each other in a quarrel, war etc "Well at least someone's ★★★." (=support them) "★★★★★? ［Spoken］ (=used when someone is arguing against you when they should be supporting you)"

Back 23

味方 side, on my side, whose side are you on? ‐ "Do you agree or disagree with him?" "I'm on his side." 78. 「君は彼に賛成？それとも反対？」「私は彼の側だよ。」

Front 24

used to say that something is true if you are going to be very exact and correct about it "★★, spiders are not insects."

Back 24

厳密に言えば strictly speaking ‐ Strictly speaking, his view differs somewhat from mine. 79. 厳密に言うと、彼の見解は私のものといくらか異なる。

Front 25

to repeat something in order to explain it or make sure it is correct "Once again I ★★ exactly what I needed to say."

Back 25

…を繰り返す、繰り返し説明する go over …, went over ‐ Could you go over it again? I couldn't make out what you were getting at. 80. もう一度よく説明していただけますか？君が言おうとしていたことを理解できなかった。

Front 26

to understand something, especially the reason why something has happened "I couldn't ★★ what I had done to annoy her." "As far as I can ★★, he has never been married."

Back 26

…を理解する make out … ‐ Could you go over it again? I couldn't make out what you were getting at. 80. もう一度よく説明していただけますか？君が言おうとしていたことを理解できなかった。

Front 27

to be trying to say something in a way that is difficult for other people to understand "What are you ★ing ★, Helen?" "Do you see the point I'm ★ing ★?"

Back 27

言おうとしている be getting at … ‐ Could you go over it again? I couldn't make out what you were getting at. 80. もう一度よく説明していただけますか？君が言おうとしていたことを理解できなかった。

Front 28

to provide support or help for someone or something "The plan's success depends on how vigorously the UN will ★ it ★ with action." "The police officers are ★ed ★ by extra teams of people at the weekend."

Back 28

…を支える、支援する back up … ‐ No one backed me up at first, but eventually I talked everyone into going along with my plan. 81. 最初は私を支持する者は誰もいなかったが、最終的にはみんなを説得して私の計画に賛成してもらった。

Front 29

to agree with or support someone or something "I would be happy to ★★★ the idea." "Often it was easier to ★★★ her rather than risk an argument."

Back 29

…に賛成する、…を支持する go along with … ‐ No one backed me up at first, but eventually I talked everyone into going along with my plan. 81. 最初は私を支持する者は誰もいなかったが、最終的にはみんなを説得して私の計画に賛成してもらった。

Front 30

while doing something or while something is happening, and as a result of this "★ trying to protect the queen, Howard had put his own life in danger."

Back 30

…の際は in doing ‐ In making a decision, I rely not on logic but on instinct. 83. 決定する時は、論理ではなく本能を頼りにする。

Front 31

to trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do "I knew I could ★★ David." "Many working women ★★ relatives to help take care of their children." "Many people now ★★ the Internet for news."

Back 31

…を頼りにする rely on … ‐ In making a decision, I rely not on logic but on instinct. 83. 決定する時は、論理ではなく本能を頼りにする。

Front 32

to think of an idea, answer etc "Is that the best excuse you can ★★★?" "We've been asked to ★★★ some new ideas."

Back 32

…を思い付く、考え付く come up with … ‐ He came up with an ingenious, sensible solution and immediately put it into practice. 84. 彼は独創的で賢明な解決策を考え出し、直ちに実行に移した。

Front 33

★ not good, or not as good as someone or something else [≠ superior] "I always felt slightly ★★ her." "Their performance was ★★ that of other teams."

Back 33

…より劣って inferior, (be) inferior to … ‐ From an objective viewpoint, the former is inferior to the latter. 85. 客観的観点からすると、前者は後者より劣る。

Front 34

something that is true ★★ is supposed to be true, but might not really be true or might not be what will really happen "★★, everyone will have to pay the new tax."

Back 34

理論的には in theory ‐ Your idea sounds marvelous in theory, yet I don't think it will work in practice. 86. 君の考えは理論的には素晴らしいようだが、私はそれが実際に機能するとは思わない。

Front 35

used when saying what really happens rather than what should happen or what people think happens "★★ women receive much lower wages than their male colleagues." "The journey should only take about 30 minutes, but ★★ it usually takes more like an hour."

Back 35

実際に、実際は in practice ‐ Your idea sounds marvelous in theory, yet I don't think it will work in practice. 86. 君の考えは理論的には素晴らしいようだが、私はそれが実際に機能するとは思わない。

Front 36

if something or someone ★s ★★ a particular standard or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised etc "The bank is insolvent and will be unable to ★★★ its obligations." "The film has certainly ★ed ★★ my expectations."

Back 36

…に応える、沿う live up to … ‐ We expected him to defeat his opponent, but he failed to live up to our expectations. 87. 我々は彼が対抗者を破ることに期待したが、彼は我々の期待に応えることに失敗した。

Front 37

to make something happen [= cause] "an accident that ★ed ★ the death of two passengers"

Back 37

…をもたらす、…に終わる result in … ‐ Ironically, despite their best endeavors, their mission resulted in complete failure. 88. 皮肉にも、彼らの最善の努力にもかかわらず、任務は完全な失敗に終わった。

Front 38

to provide something good, so that something bad seems less important "The good weather ★★★ the bad organization." "He bought her some flowers to ★★★ being late."

Back 38

…を補う make up for …, made up for ‐ Her genius makes up for her lack of firsthand experience. 89. 彼女の天賦の才能は彼女の直接得た経験の不足を埋め合わせる。

Front 39

if an agreement, plan, sale etc ★s ★, it is not completed successfully "The studio planned to make a movie of the book but the deal ★★."

Back 39

失敗に終わる fall through, fell through ‐ Without your solid support, the deal would have fallen through. I'm grateful to you. 91. 君の強固な支援なしでは、その取引は失敗に終わっていただろう。感謝しています。

Front 40

because of something else, especially a problem or difficulty "She was told to wear flat shoes, ★★★ her back problem."

Back 40

…の理由で on account of … ‐ Our flight to Vienna was delayed on account of a minor accident. 93. 我々のウィーン行きの便は、些細な事故が理由で遅れた。

Front 41

to destroy something, or to be destroyed, by an explosion "The plane ★★ in mid-air."

Back 41

爆破する、爆発する blow up, blew up ‐ The plane blew up and plunged into the ocean, killing all the people on board. 94. その飛行機は爆発して海に墜落し、乗っていた全員が死亡した。

Front 42

to jump or dive into water "Four police officers ★ed ★ freezing water to rescue a man yesterday."

Back 42

…に飛び込む plunge into … ‐ The plane blew up and plunged into the ocean, killing all the people on board. 94. その飛行機は爆発して海に墜落し、乗っていた全員が死亡した。

Front 43

on a ship, plane, or spacecraft [= aboard] "There are 12 children ★★ the ship."

Back 43

乗って、搭乗して on board ‐ The plane blew up and plunged into the ocean, killing all the people on board. 94. その飛行機は爆発して海に墜落し、乗っていた全員が死亡した。

Front 44

［British English］ all day and all night without stopping "Kim has been working ★★★ to finish it in time."

Back 44

24時間ぶっ通しで、一日中 around the clock ‐ They are working around the clock looking into the cause of the crash. 95. 彼らは24時間通して働き、その墜落の原因を調査している。

Front 45

to try to find out the truth about a problem, crime etc in order to solve it [= investigate] "Police are ★ing ★ the disappearance of two children."

Back 45

…を調査する look into … ‐ They are working around the clock looking into the cause of the crash. 95. 彼らは24時間通して働き、その墜落の原因を調査している。

Front 46

★ all the separate features and pieces of information about something "He described the process ★★ (=using a lot of details)." "This issue will be discussed ★ more ★ in Chapter 5."

Back 46

詳細、詳細に detail, in detail ‐ The aviation expert analyzed the statistics in detail. 97. 航空評論家は統計を詳細に分析した。

Front 47

［American English］ instead of someone, or as their representative "★★★ of everyone here, may I wish you a very happy retirement."

Back 47

…の代わりに、…を代表して on behalf of … ‐ On behalf of all the staff, I'd like to express our sympathy for the victims. 98. 全職員を代表して、犠牲者の方々にお悔やみを申し上げたいと思います。

Front 48

a way in which something can be true or real (=in one way) "What he says is right ★★★."

Back 48

ある意味で in a sense ‐ In a sense, he is to blame for the disaster. 99. ある意味で、彼にはその惨事の責任がある。