Test 2

Front 1

brainstorming

Back 1

a group problem solving technique characterized by spontaneous and unrestrained discussion or a written list of free-flowing ideas

Front 2

cause-effect

Back 2

a speech arrangement used to discuss a problem and the causes of the problem, or a problem and the consequences of the problem

Front 3

chronological

Back 3

arranges speech topic according to the sequential order in which events or steps occurred

Front 4

connective

Back 4

words or phrases that connect your ideas together and indicate how they are related to each other

Front 5

credibility

Back 5

your listeners perceive you as qualified to discuss your topic because you are believable, competent, and trustworthy

Front 6

delivery outline

Back 6

a brief outline intended to jog your memory while you deliver your presentation

Front 7

final summary

Back 7

a recap of the main points at the conclusion of the presentation

Front 8

formal outline

Back 8

a detailed and complete outline intended to help you prepare your speech

Front 9

general purpose

Back 9

a broad purpose for your speech, which is usually to inform, persuade, or entertain

Front 10

initial preview

Back 10

a sentence in the introduction that lets the audience know what is coming in the body of the speech

Front 11

initial preview

Back 11

sentences used in the main body of the speech to indicate what will be covered in the key points

Front 12

internal summary

Back 12

statements used during the presentation to summarize what you just said

Front 13

mindmapping

Back 13

a method to generate ideas and determine relationships among ideas for presentation before organizing your outline

Front 14

primacy

Back 14

your audience will remember what they heard first, so present your most important points first

Front 15

problem-solution

Back 15

a speech arrangement that explores either the causes or consequences of a problem, and then offers a solution that addresses the problem

Front 16

recency

Back 16

your audience will remember what they heard last, so place your most important points last

Front 17

signpost

Back 17

a verbal or nonverbal signal that the speaker is moving from one topic to another

Front 18

sorting

Back 18

an idea-organizing method for speech preparation that uses note cards so that you may re-stack and re-group ideas that go together

Front 19

spatial

Back 19

a speech arrangement that is organized by geographic location or direction

Front 20

specific purpose

Back 20

a single concise aspect of your topic and what you hope to accomplish in your presentation

Front 21

topical

Back 21

a speech arrangement that uses naturally occurring parts, sections, or divisions, which may or may not be arbitrary

Front 22

transition

Back 22

a word, phrase, or nonverbal cue indication movement from one idea to another

Front 23

causal reasoning

Back 23

assumes that the one event influences or controls other events

Front 24

causal relationship

Back 24

arising from a cause

Front 25

connotative meaning

Back 25

suggestive or indirect meaning

Front 26

deductive reasoning

Back 26

the deriving of a conclusion by reasoning, inference in which the conclusion about particulars follows necessarily from general or universal premises, a conclusion reached by logical deduction

Front 27

denotative meaning

Back 27

standard or literal meaning

Front 28

explanation

Back 28

something that is made plain and understandable

Front 29

emotive terms

Back 29

of or relating to the emotions

Front 30

evidence

Back 30

an outward sign or something that furnishes proof

Front 31

fallacies

Back 31

an often plausible argument using false or invalid inference, a false or mistaken idea

Front 32

generalization

Back 32

a general statement, law, principle, or proposition. the act or process whereby a response is made to a stimulus similar to but not identical with a reference stimulus

Front 33

inference

Back 33

the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgement considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former, the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations

Front 34

probative value

Back 34

serving to prove something or test it

Front 35

tautological reasoning

Back 35

needless repetition of an idea or statement

Front 36

testimony

Back 36

firsthand authentication of a face or evidence

Front 37

chart

Back 37

a figure that graphically illustrates relationships between individual parts

Front 38

design template

Back 38

a pre-existing template included in PPT software that unifies the color, scheme, graphics, and structure of a set of slides

Front 39

dual coding

Back 39

a theory advanced by Allan Paivio and his colleagues that explains how humans cognitively process the simultaneous presentation of visual and verbal stimuli

Front 40

Fair use

Back 40

fair use is part of the US Copyright Act. it provides guidelines for the limited use of copyrighted materials in the case of teaching, research, and scholarship. this is a complex legal document, so be aware that many of these issues are decided in court

Front 41

graph

Back 41

visual representations of statistics (numbers)

Front 42

group items

Back 42

a technique found in the "Draw" menu that allows the presenter to link two objects together so they appear on a single animation

Front 43

high contrast

Back 43

a situation where combinations of light and dark colors are used such that the eyes can clearly see the distinctions

Front 44

LCD (liquid crystal diode) projection system

Back 44

a projection system designated to interface with the computer to project images stored on the computer

Front 45

missed timing

Back 45

an animation problem that occurs when an image is animated and it is the last item on the slide. presenters frequently forget about this image while transitioning to the next slide, and then realize they have an out-of-place image that appears

Front 46

moving effects

Back 46

a type of animation where text or graphics physically move as they appear on the screen

Front 47

numerical clarifier

Back 47

a chart of graph used to simplify and explain numerical concepts

Front 48

object

Back 48

here, objects are broadly defined as graphic elements useful to add interest to text. these include autoshapes, boxes, circles, call outs, and lines

Front 49

on-slide animation

Back 49

a type of animation that controls how objects appear and disappear on slides

Front 50

over-clicking

Back 50

a type of animation problem that occurs when a presenter hits the click button too many times and has to go back to reveal the desired content

Front 51

remote mouse

Back 51

a hand-held pointing device that allows a presenter to control slides remotely

Front 52

sans serif font

Back 52

a style of text that lacks hooks (or feet) on the end of letters. most desirable for projection since the text is easier to read

Front 53

serif font

Back 53

a style of text that contains hooks (or feet) on the ends of letters. use sparingly if at all for projection

Front 54

slide master

Back 54

a PPT feature that allows a presenter to make individual changes that will apply to every slide in the show

Front 55

slide transitions

Back 55

a type of animation that controls how one slide is changed and a new slide appears

Front 56

stationary effects

Back 56

a type of animation where the text or graphic does not move around on the screen when it appears

Front 57

visual aid

Back 57

objects, visual representations, and numerical clarifiers, used to supplement a verbal message, thus enhancing communication goals

Front 58

word art

Back 58

a technique available in all Microsoft products that allows you to type text and then apply a variety of color and shape options to it

Front 59

articulation

Back 59

clearly pronouncing each syllable within each word

Front 60

enunciation

Back 60

emphasizing one word or group of words within a sentence to highlight an idea

Front 61

extemporaneous speaking

Back 61

practiced but not memorized speech

Front 62

impromptu speaking

Back 62

speaking with little to no preparation

Front 63

manuscript speaking

Back 63

reading verbatim from a prepared document

Front 64

memorized speaking

Back 64

speaking from rote memorization

Front 65

nonverbal delivery

Back 65

the use of the body, face, and voice during a presentation

Front 66

speech voice

Back 66

an unnatural, forced style of speaking that some adopt thinking it sounds more professional

Front 67

verbal delivery

Back 67

word choice and language selection during a presentation

Front 68

audience-focus

Back 68

to use delivery as a tool to help shape your interaction and involve your audience

Front 69

extemporaneous speaking

Back 69

presentation style that is practiced

Front 70

factual illustration

Back 70

a detailed accounting that makes several points

Front 71

logos

Back 71

logical appeals

Front 72

message-focus

Back 72

to focus too much on the message, creating a rift between the speaker and the audience

Front 73

pathos

Back 73

emotional appeals

Front 74

self-focus

Back 74

to focus too much on what the speaker herself is doing rather than connecting with the audience

Front 75

specific instance

Back 75

an undeveloped example that always follows a factual illustration

Front 76

attitude

Back 76

a learned disposition of feeling toward something

Front 77

belief

Back 77

an understanding that something is true or false

Front 78

cognitive dissonance

Back 78

a state of conflicting thoughts or emotions that produces tension that a person works to reduce

Front 79

criteria

Back 79

bases on which judgements are made

Front 80

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Back 80

suggests that there are physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs that people desire to have fulfilled

Front 81

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

Back 81

attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

Front 82

persuasion

Back 82

the process of influence

Front 83

question of fact

Back 83

determines whether an issue exists (is it real?)

Front 84

question of policy

Back 84

determines whether or not an issue is governed by a policy that should be implemented or changed

Front 85

Priming

Back 85

The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. Ask a friend two rapid-fire questions: (a) How do you pronounce the word spelled by the letters s-h-o-p? (b) What do you do when you come to a green light? If your friend answers "stop" to the second question, you have demonstrated _________

Front 86

rhetoric

Back 86

discovering the available means of persuasion in any given situation

Front 87

Stasis Theory

Back 87

From the Greek, "stand," a way of asking questions to determine the main issue of an argument or debate

Front 88

target audience

Back 88

listeners you most want to influence

Front 89

veil of ignorance

Back 89

means of "shielding" your eyes from things that might bias you against an argument (race, gender, religion, etc.)

Front 90

value

Back 90

a deeply felt, ethical stance toward something

Front 91

classification

Back 91

a structural division that breaks a topic into "classes" of information

Front 92

dysfluencies

Back 92

interruptions in languages, such as pauses and filler words (um, uh, etc.)

Front 93

ethos

Back 93

the greek word meaning "credibility"

Front 94

impromptu

Back 94

a type of speaking wherein the speaker has little to no time to prepare a presentation on a give topic

Front 95

logos

Back 95

from the greek for "the word" translated into logic

Front 96

narrative proof

Back 96

a story used to support a claim, can be personal or hypothetical

Front 97

supports

Back 97

evidence supporting a claim, the story can be personal or hypothetical

Front 98

unification

Back 98

structural division in which all main points unify to support the thesis or central idea