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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meglitinides and Sulfonylureas both have the same mechanism of action which is
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both stimulate the production of more insulin from the pancreas
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biguanides & thiazolidinediones have what mechanism of action
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counteract against insulin resistance
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examples or 1st generation sulfonylureas drugs
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orinase
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examples of 2nd generation sulfonylureas
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Glipizide
Glyburide |
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if you are giving a sulfonylureas like glipizide or glyburide what allergy you going to be looking for
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Sulfa allergy
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alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have what mechanism of action
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inhibit the digestion of carbohydrates inhibiting the breaking down of carbs into simple sugars
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an example of an alpha glycosidase inhibitor
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Acarbose- Precose
Miglitol - Glyset |
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which of dextrose do we hang and push
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Hang 5% push 50 %
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What will a type 2 diabetic look like?
have what symptoms? |
overweight
polyphagia (frequent hunger) polyuria (frequent urination) polydipsia (frequent thirst) overweight adult onset ketones spilling into urine fruity breath with Keto acidosis |
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a diabetic patient that has pain in their feet and hands what is the name of this condition?
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Peripheral neuropathy
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what is the most common side effect of insulin that you have to watch for
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Hypoglycemia
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a person that that comes in with keto acidosis and their blood sugar is really high what kind of insulin are they going to give them?
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Regular
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what is a low blood sugar for a diabetic
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below 70
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diabetic is confused and lethargic what are you going to give them that you might have on hand outside of a hospital setting
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orange juice fruit juice hard candy sugar
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if a pt is hypoglycemic will you give them insulin
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NO
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pt comes in with severe hypoglycemia what will you want to push?
What will you want to hang in IV? |
dextrose 50
Dextrose 5 |
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person who comes in diagnosed as a new diabetic what are you going to try first to get them on track?
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Diet and excercise
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diabetic pt comes in after 3 months of diet and exercise and says hes lost 8 pounds what do you say
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Good job keep up the good work
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what in the body produces insulin
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pancreas
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no matter what insulin you give what are you going to make sure they do after you give it
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Eat
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____?type of insulin onset are a little faster onset than the others so what do you want to make sure they do right after they get their insulin
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meglintides
EAT |
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what is the only insulin that can be given IV
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Regular
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you have a new diabetic pt who is having late morning blood sugar drops what can cause them to do this
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Extra activity excercise
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if you have a new pt coming in and you suspect they might be diabetic what is the best test you can use to check
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hemeglobin A1c
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type 1 diabetics have what appearance? do they need insulin? when are they diagnosed
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Skinny
insulin dependent juvenile diagnosed |
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what do you have to be watchful for of when giving metformin
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lactic acidosis
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what are some symptoms of lactic acidosis
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muscle ache, malaise, tachycardia, abdominal cramping, nausea vomiting
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why do we put pts on 2-3 oral medications at a time
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1 didnt work add one 2 didn't work add another
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what kind of effect is it called when you start with one medication and add another one
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additive effects
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when you eat food your pancreas produces what? body produces what? this produces a feeling of what?
incretins also cause what to be released also? |
insulin
incretins fullness satiated feeling insulin |
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Hot and Dry?
cold and clammy? |
sugar high
need some candy |
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what is more common in type 1 diabetics but can occur in type 2 when the body is under physiological stress for a long time such as infection
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ketoacidosis
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signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis
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•excessive thirst or drinking lots of fluid,
•frequent urination, •general weakness, •vomiting, •loss of appetite, •confusion, •abdominal pain, •shortness of breath, •a generally ill appearance, •dry skin, •dry mouth, •increased heart rate, •low blood pressure, •increased rate of breathing, and •a distinctive fruity odor on the breath. |
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what is happening in ketoacidosis
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the body stops using carbs for fuel and starts breaking down liver, muscle and fats for fuel instead
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Pt that is starting on an insulin pump what do you want to do frequently
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Monitor their blood sugar frequently
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______ has a ______ that _____ _______ sits on and _____ sits alone
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Meg (meglitinides) has a sofa (sulfonylureas) that Big (biguanides) Thighs (thiazolidinediones) sits on and Alpha (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors)
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