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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is bioremediation
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process that uses microorganisms to degrade harmful
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what is biodegration
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microorganisms degrade environmental pollutats
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what lessens the damage from oil spills
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bioderadation
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what method is used to add to pollutants to hasten their decay
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bioremediation
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what are some useful thing sin diodegradation
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biofilms
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what synthetic compounds are better to degrade
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if they are similar to natural substances
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what are xenobiotics
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substances not made from natural substances
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why are xenobiotics not easily degraded
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microbes don't have the proper enzymes to break it down
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why do microbes not have the proper enzymes to break down xenobiotics
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because xenobiotics are not natural substances
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any factor that favors the multiplication of microorganisms increases what
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increases the rate of degradation
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what 4 things does bioremediation do
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adequate nutrients, maintain PH, raises temperature, and allows moisture
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what are the two types of bioremediation
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biostimulation, bioaugmentation
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what is biostimulation
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enhances growth to contaminated by providing additional nutrients
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give an example of biostimulation
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"stimulated the microbes to grow" petroleum degrading bacteria are slow, they lack nitrogen and phosphorous so to "stimulate" growth for oil spill degradation, fertilizers are introduced and adhere to oil
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what does adding fertilizers to petroleum based bacteria increase how many times
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3x
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what is bioaugmentation
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relies on the activities of microbes added to the contaminated material
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when you add microbes to a contaminated area, what must they do
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complement the resident population
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what is an example of bioaugmentation
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activated sludge system
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manipulation of oxygen and specific growth substrates is an example of what
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biostimulation
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what is in situ remediation
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on site-
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what does in situ bioremediation rely on
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biostimulation
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what does in situ bioremediation rely on
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biostimulation
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give an example of in situ bioremediation
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adding o2 by injecting hydrogen peroxide
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give an example of in situ bioremediation
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adding o2 by injecting hydrogen peroxide
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what happens when you inject hydrogen peroxide in a contaminated area in in situ bioremediation
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rapidly decomposes to form o2
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what happens when you inject hydrogen peroxide in a contaminated area in in situ bioremediation
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rapidly decomposes to form o2
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aerating soil and water is an example of what type of biostimulation
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in situ
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aerating soil and water is an example of what type of biostimulation
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in situ
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what is an example of an off site bioremediation
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bioreactor tank to accelerate microbial process
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what is an example of an off site bioremediation
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bioreactor tank to accelerate microbial process
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who was van leewenhook
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dutch drapery merchant who saw a drop of water with animalcules
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who was van leewenhook
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dutch drapery merchant who saw a drop of water with animalcules
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when did leeuwenhook discover microbes
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1674
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when did leeuwenhook discover microbes
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1674
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what does in situ bioremediation rely on
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biostimulation
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describe leeuwenhooks microscope
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set screws, 300x
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describe leeuwenhooks microscope
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set screws, 300x
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give an example of in situ bioremediation
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adding o2 by injecting hydrogen peroxide
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what is resolving power
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how much detail can be seen,
the measure of the ability to distinguish 2 seperate objects close together |
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what is resolving power
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how much detail can be seen,
the measure of the ability to distinguish 2 seperate objects close together |
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what happens when you inject hydrogen peroxide in a contaminated area in in situ bioremediation
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rapidly decomposes to form o2
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the minimum distance inbetween two points which can still be viewed as 2 different points
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resolving power
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what does in situ bioremediation rely on
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biostimulation
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aerating soil and water is an example of what type of biostimulation
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in situ
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the minimum distance inbetween two points which can still be viewed as 2 different points
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resolving power
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give an example of in situ bioremediation
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adding o2 by injecting hydrogen peroxide
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what is an example of an off site bioremediation
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bioreactor tank to accelerate microbial process
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what happens when you inject hydrogen peroxide in a contaminated area in in situ bioremediation
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rapidly decomposes to form o2
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who was van leewenhook
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dutch drapery merchant who saw a drop of water with animalcules
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aerating soil and water is an example of what type of biostimulation
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in situ
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what is an example of an off site bioremediation
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bioreactor tank to accelerate microbial process
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when did leeuwenhook discover microbes
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1674
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who was van leewenhook
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dutch drapery merchant who saw a drop of water with animalcules
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describe leeuwenhooks microscope
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set screws, 300x
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when did leeuwenhook discover microbes
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1674
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what is resolving power
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how much detail can be seen,
the measure of the ability to distinguish 2 seperate objects close together |
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describe leeuwenhooks microscope
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set screws, 300x
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what is resolving power
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how much detail can be seen,
the measure of the ability to distinguish 2 seperate objects close together |
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the minimum distance inbetween two points which can still be viewed as 2 different points
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resolving power
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the minimum distance inbetween two points which can still be viewed as 2 different points
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resolving power
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what does resolving power depend on 4 things
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quality and type of lens, wavelenght of light, and specimen prep
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what is the maximum resolving power
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.2ums
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what does .2 um see
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general morphology of prokaryote
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.2 um is too small to see what
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viruses
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what do you use to obtain maximum resolution
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100x lense
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when using 100x lens what do you need
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immersion oil
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what does immersion oil do
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displaces the air between lens and specimen
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what does immersion oil prevent
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refraction
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what is refraction
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bend of light rays, when light passes through the glass and air
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wwhat is the refractive index
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the speed of light flowing through the lens/medium
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what does a simple stain use
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1 dye
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what is a differential stain
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procedure used to stain cells and distinguish one of microbes
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why do we use differential staining
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to distinguish one group of microbes to another
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what are the two types of differential staining
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acid fast, gram stain
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what is gram stain
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seperates bacteria into gram pos and gram neg
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what does gram staining reflect
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the differences in their walls
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what is the most widely used staining procedure
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gram stain
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what is acid fast staining used for
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detecting organisms that do not easily take up dyes
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what is an organism that needs acid fast staining
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mycobacterium
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what are examples of diseases that mycobacteira contribute to
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hansens (leprosy) turborculosis
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what is facilitated diffusion
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passive transport
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what is not required for passive transport
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energy
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what does passive transport use
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transport protein to move substance
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what does a transport protein do
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moves one substance from one side of membrane to the other
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what cannot be made in passive transport
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a difference in concentration, passive transport can only create equal
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who cannot rely on passive transport
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prokaryotic cells
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what does active transport move
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compounds against a concentration gradiant
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what does active transport require
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energy
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what are the 2 main active transport methods
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proton move force and ATP
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what is proton move force allow
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proton into cell and simultaneously bring along or expel another substance
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what does proton move force move
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small molecules and ions
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who uses proton move force
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many prokaryotic cells
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give an example of proton move force entering
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permease that transport lactose brings sugar into the cell
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give an example of proton move transport with expelling
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efflux pumps eject a compound as proton moves in
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what does ATP/ABC stand for
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ATP Binding Cassette
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what does atp use
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specific binding proteins
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where is the specific binding proteins located in atp cells
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immediately outside the membrane
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where are cells going in atp
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against the conentration gradient
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who harvests energy trapped in chemical bonds to generate atp
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chemotrophs
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what cannot be recycled and is lost through heat of bonds breaking
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enegery
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when energy is low, radiant energy is converted, who does this and what is it called
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photosynthesis, chlorophyll plants and microbe
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who converst radiant energy into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds
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chemoorganiotrophs
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why is life scarce in some places
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radiant energy is required to sustain life
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