Test 1: Introduction To Darwinian Evolution

Front 1

Evolution:
1. Definition
2. Role of time
3. Role of change in survival

Back 1

1. Heritable changes over time; DNA changes or modifications that occur in a POPULATION over a period of time
2. Time is relative; evolution can span thousands of years (humans) to hours (bacteria)
3. Animals survive as a RESULT of change. That is, animals DO NOT CHANGE to survive.

Front 2

Describe Aristotle's contributions to evolutionary history

Back 2

developed scale of nature: based on complexity of organism, and that species do not change

Humans > Animals > Plants

Front 3

Describe Linneaus' contributions to evolutionary history

Back 3

developed "binomial system"
developed (genus, species) classification

Front 4

Describe Hutton's contributions to evolutionary history

Back 4

developed "gradualism"
changes occurred through time gradually with intermediates visible

Front 5

Describe Lamarck's contributions to evolutionary history

Back 5

developed "use vs disuse" hypothesis
body parts grew proportional to use; acquired traits were inherited
first indication of theory of evolution; not explicitly stated

Front 6

Describe Malthus' contributions to evolutionary history

Back 6

developed "geometric vs arithmetic growth"
population undergoing geometric growth while food supply was growing at arithmetic (linear) trend; stated we would eventually run out of food

Front 7

Describe Cuvier's contributions to evolutionary history

Back 7

developed "punctuated equilibrium"
through fossil examination he determined that extinctions occurred, sometimes by catastrophes which produce differences; rapid change, no intermediates

Front 8

Describe Lyell's contributions to evolutionary history

Back 8

developed "principle of uniformity"
stated that rate of change is always constant

Front 9

Describe Darwin's contributions to evolutionary history

Back 9

Evolution occurred through "natural selection"

Front 10

Describe Wallace's contributions to evolutionary history

Back 10

developed theory of natural selection at the same time as Darwin, but did not publish in time

Front 11

Describe some proponents of Darwin' theory of evolution.

Back 11

1. there must be a large population size
2. Variation is present
3. The population growth always seems to be limited
4. Genetic fitness "survival of the fittest"

Front 12

What is the synthetic theory of evolution

Back 12

combination of Darwin and Mendel. The role genetics plays in evolution