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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the major types of tissues
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1. Epithelial
2. Connective 3. Muscular 4. Nervous |
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Characteristics of epithelial tissue
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1. tightly packed cells
2. tight/gap junctions, desmosomes 3. polarity 4. avascular (no direct blood supply) 5. innervated (nerve connections) 6. regeneration |
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What are some functions of epithelial tissue?
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1. protection
2. absorption 3. secretion/excretion 4. sensation |
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What are epithelial cell shapes?
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1. squamous
2. cuboidal 3. columnar |
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What are the epithelial cell layers? what are the primary functions?
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1. simple (secretion/excretion, absorption)
2. stratified (protection) 3. pseudostratified (ciliated) |
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Description and location: Simple squamous
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1. diffusion across membrane; absorption, secretion, excretion
2. capillary walls; alveoli; visceral organ covering; lining of body cavities |
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Description and location: stratified squamous
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1. protection; wear and tear
2. mouth, vagina, esophagus, anal canal |
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Description and location: simple cuboidal
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1. secretion and absorption
2. lining of kidney tubules; salivary ducts; kidney ducts |
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Description and location: stratified cuboidal
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1. secretion (conduit)
2. sweat glands |
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Description and location: simple columnar
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1. protection, secretion, absorption (nonciliated)
2. lining of most of digestive tract; stomach 3. propulsion (ciliated) 4. cuterine tube; bronchioles |
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Description and location: stratified columnar
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1. protection, secretion (ciliated)
2. mammary glands 3. absorption; secretion (nonciliated) 4. male reproductive system |
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Description and location: pseudostratified columnar
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1. ciliated
2. propulsion 3. trachea |
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Description and location: transitional
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1. distention
2. ureter; urinary bladder |
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Generalized description of connective tissue
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few cells; large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM); vascular
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Origin of connective tissue
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mesoderm
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Functions of connective tissue
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1. binding and support
2. protection 3. insulation 4. transport (blood and lymph) |
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Name and describe fibers in connective tissue
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1. collagen
2. elastic 3. reticular |
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Cells in connective tissue
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1. fibroblasts
2. chondorblasts 3. osteoblasts 4. hemocytoblasts 5. macrophages 6. white blood cells 7. adipose cells |
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Types of connective tissue
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1. Loose
2. Dense Irregular 3. Dense Regular 4. Cartilege 5. Bone 6. Fluid connective tissues |
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Describe elastic fibers
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stretch, movement, return to shape
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Describe reticular fibers
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meshwork for support, basement membrane
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Describe collagen fibers
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strength, extensibility, resist stress
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What are the types of loose connective tissue
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1. Areolar
2. Reticular 3. Adipose |
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Describe areolar tissue?
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most common; subcutaneous layer; flexible; fibers run in all directions
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Describe reticular tissue (loose)?
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fibers unorganized; cushion and support; allow for independent movement of skin
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Describe adipose (loose) tissue
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cushion, support, and inuslate; store energy; subcutaneous layer and cushions internal organs
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Describe dense irregular tissue
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1. non unified directions
2. mainly made of collagen fibers 3. strong against forces in multiple directions 4. dermis of skin; joint capsules |
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Describe dense regular tissue
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1. parallel directions
2. condensed collagen 3. strong 4. tendons, ligaments, and facia |
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What types of cartilage?
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1. elastic
2. hyaline 3. fibrocartilage |
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Describe elastic cartilage
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scattered; more elastic; support and flexible; pharynx
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Describe hyaline cartilage
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bundled collegen fibers; stiff and rigid support; reduces friction around bones
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Types of fluid connective tissue
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lymph and blood
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Describe fluid connective tissue
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group in 2; scattered; shock absorbers; strength resistant to compression; thicker collagen fibers; intervertebral discs and knee joints
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Factors in maintaining homeostasis
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1. conformers
2. regulators 3. stressors 4. receptor 5. integrator 6. effector |
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Definition of homeostasis
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keeping internal balance for cell and tissue survival
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What do conformers do?
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conform to environment
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What do regulators do?
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require ATP; different from environment
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What do stressors do?
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initiates a response
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What do receptors do?
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detect changes
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What do integrators do?
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compares new and steady states
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What do effectors do?
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responds to signals from integrator
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What are the feedback mechanisms?
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positive and negative
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What is positive feedback?
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doesn't contribute to homeostasis; amplification of direction of stimulus; acceleration of process until final event
ex: childbirth; blood clotting; nerve impulse |
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Negative Feedback
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most common; reduces effect of stimulus; moves variable in opposite direction
ex: body temperature |
