Test 1 Asi

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1644-1912

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Qing Dynasty

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1368-1644

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Ming Dynasty

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1279-1368

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Yuan

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960-1279

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Song (Sung Dynasty)

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618-960

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Tang

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581-618 CE

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Sui Dynasty

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220-589

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6 Dynasties period

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206 BCE-220 CE

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Han Dynasty: Western/Former Han (206 BCE-9 CE) and Eastern/Later Han (25-220 CE)

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221-206 BCE

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Qin Dynasty

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Ca. 1046-256 BCE

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Zhou Dynasty: Western Zhou (ca. 1046-771 BCE), Eastern Zhou (771-256 BCE)

Eastern Zhou was divided into: the Spring and Autumn period (ca. 770-475 BCE) and the Warring States (ca. 475-221 BCE) period.

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1912-1949

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Republic Period

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1949-present

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PRoC

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Biejing

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Northern City

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Xian

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Western City

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Kaifeng

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Upper middle city

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Nanjing

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middle lower city

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Shanghai

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Eastern coast city

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Hong Kong

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Southern City

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Oracles Bones

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Turtle Shell or Bone with markings

Used for divinity and heavens

Used for pyromancy

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Terra cotta army

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to protect emperor in afterlife and fight for him

210-209 BCE

8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses

Emperor Qin

Necropolis

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The First Emperor of the Qin

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Qin Shi Huang

259 BC - 210 BC

Great wall and terra cotta

Qin Shi Huang, born as Ying Zheng in 259 BC, was the son of the king of the Qin State. At the age of thirteen, he succeeded his father's regality. Ying Zheng was very aggressive and ambitious at an early age. He assumed full power at 22 by ridding himself of his premier, Lu Buwei, who acted as regent while he was a minor. He wanted to unify and subjugate all the states like Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi by the powerful political, economic and military strength of the Qin State. Ying Zheng realized his ambition and built the first feudal and centralized empire in Chinese history in 221 BC. This was what we called - the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC). Ying Zheng was the first emperor of a united China, so he proclaimed himself Qin Shi Huang.

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Silk banner in the Mawangdui tomb

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King Ma's Mound

Of the more famous artifacts from Mawangdui were its silk funeral banners; these T-shaped banners were draped on the coffin of Tomb 1. The banners depicted the Chinese abstraction of the cosmos and the afterlife at the time of the western Han dynasty.

T shape represents heaven

portrait of deceased

four coffins

bottom part of t is underworld

daoist cranes immortality

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Qi

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Natural energy. Life force. Qi is in all living things. Links surroundings together

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yin yang

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describes how apparently opposite or contrary forces are actually complementary,[Note 1] interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another

seen as science, philosophy, and medicine. central for martial arts as well

Yin and yang can be thought of as complementary (rather than opposing) forces that interact to form a dynamic system in which the whole is greater than the assembled parts. Everything has both yin and yang aspects, (for instance shadow cannot exist without light). Either of the two major aspects may manifest more strongly in a particular object, depending on the criterion of the observation. The yin yang shows a balance between two opposites with a little bit in each.

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5 phase, wu xing

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Wood

Fire

Earth

Metal

Water

In many areas of chinese thought. including taoism

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confucius

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Confucius emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity

born in lu 551 BC

involved with classic texts

Confucius's principles had a basis in common Chinese tradition and belief. He championed strong family loyalty, ancestor worship, respect of elders by their children and of husbands by their wives. He also recommended family as a basis for ideal government. He espoused the well-known principle "Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself", an early version of the Golden Rule.

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confucianism

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ethical and philosophical way of life

strong family values and respect

emerged during spring and autumn period but developed into the han dynasty

encouraged filial piety

respect others

It is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture as well as a complete ideological system created by Confucius, based on the traditional culture of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. It has dominated a feudal society that in essence has lasted 2000 years and for that reason its influence over the history, social structure and the people of China cannot be overlooked.

Life of Confucius
He has proved to be the greatest influence over the Chinese character. Besides being a great educationist, thinker and unsuccessful politician, he was first of all an intellect with a noble morality. He pursued truth, kindness and perfection throughout his life and his success and failure were largely due to his character, which had an everlasting impact on Chinese intellect.

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filial piety

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respect for ones family and ancestors

two forms

filial piety basically describes the correct way to act towards one's parents. Filial piety consists of several factors; the main ideas include loving one's parents, being respectful, polite, considerate, loyal, helpful, dutiful, and obedient.

In more general terms, filial piety means to be good to one's parents; to take care of one's parents; to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also outside the home so as to bring a good name to one's parents and ancestors; to perform the duties of one's job well so as to obtain the material means to support parents as well as carry out sacrifices to the ancestors; not be rebellious; show love, respect and support; display courtesy; ensure male heirs, uphold fraternity among brothers; wisely advise one's parents, including dissuading them from moral unrighteousness; display sorrow for their sickness and death; and carry out sacrifices after their death.

What does it mean by conditional: first emerged, you don't have to do what they say 100%, it can be varied. first is from early medieval china

The unconditional is like you must do it. They needed a stronger government. The central state declined in power and they needed a stronger unity. Must keep the well being of the family, anxiety of family falling apart. Step mothers were present. Old parents thought they’d be useless. Splitting of the patrimony. Families encouraged to stay together so they could practice filial piety.

Treat parents like you treat the emperor. When central authority fell apart, they needed the authority somewhere so they put into the home. Encouraged confusion belief of filial piety to respect parents as they would respect the soverign.

why did it happen from conditional to unconditional ^

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laozi

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philosopher, poet, anchient china

founder of taoism

571 BCE born

had accèss to works of yellow emperor

old master or old child

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daoism taoism

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Taoism (or Daoism) is a philosophical, ethical, political and religious tradition of Chinese origin that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as Dao). The term Tao means "way", "path" or "principle", and can also be found in Chinese philosophies and religions other than Taoism. In Taoism, however, Tao denotes something that is both the source of, and the force behind, everything that exists.

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daoist sects

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Heavenly masters, perfect truth

142 CE changtaoling as amaster

visited by reincarnation of laozi

laozi told him he was heavenly master. amassed large followers.treasure was built by rice. give rice to join. also called the five pecks

Chang Tao Ling is said to have vanquished demons and prepared an elixir of immortality. He gathered together many followers in what is now Szechwan province where he launched a campaign for the reform of local religious practices. His followers were organised into an alliance based on the Doctrine of the Orthodox One which abolished the six demonic heavens of the local tradition and replaced them with the Golden Age governed by three heavens. There were to be no Gods other than those of the movement and blood sacrifices were abolished. The movement was funded by the followers donating 'five pecks of rice' each year. Thus the early movement was known as Wu-Tou-Mi-Tao (five pecks of rice). This is the first centrally funded religious movement in China. Chang Tao Ling wrote several books which are all lost, and there is no direct knowledge of his doctrines. Nevertheless he is considered to be a religious reformer and the first of the Heavenly Masters.
Chang Tao Ling was succeeded by his son Chang Heng and his grandson Chang Lu. It is under the leadership of Chang Lu that the movement consolidated its doctrines and attained great power. In 184 C.E. (the same year as the T'ai Ping revolt in the East) he led the sect in rebellion against the Han Dynasty and established an independent state - Han Chung - in the West which he governed for thirty years. In 215 C.E. he surrendered to General Ts'ao Ts'ao and was rewarded with honours and a fiefdom. The son of Ts'ao Ts'ao founded the Wei dynasty in 220 C.E. and Chang Lu lived at the court. The Heavenly Master sect is the first institutionalised Taoist movement, and its recognition by the government is due to the efforts of Chang Lu. This sect is the first to seriously challenge the power of the Confucian scholars and it proclaimed that the Wei dynasty had inherited divine authority from the Heavenly Master Chang Tao Ling and not directly from Heaven as proclaimed by the Confucians.
Heavenly Masters ruled through religious and administrative officials. The annual donations of 'five pecks of rice' provided the movement with its funding and its ability to put its doctrines into practice. This was also a Utopian movement which taught charity and benevolence to all. They built wayside inns throughout the state where food and shelter were provided free for all travellers. One of the punishments for those who transgressed the rules was to repair the roads between the inns. This can be considered a very Taoist chastisement, as to repair a road (the way) was analogous to repairing the Way itself. As the ruler of an independent state Chang Lu was able to combine the moral teachings of the sect with the laws of the state.
The sect gained, and mostly retained, imperial sanction. By the third century C.E. it had spread to North China and by the fourth century to all China. There were many important and powerful adherents of the Heavenly Master sect and this movement continues to the present day. The current Heavenly Master is considered to be a direct descendent of Chang Tao Ling.

originated in Northern China. It was founded by the Taoist priest Wang Chongyang in the 12th century, during the rise of the Jin Dynasty. When the Mongols invaded the Northern Chinese (Song Dynasty) in 1254, the Quanzhen Taoists were among those who exerted great effort in keeping the peace, thus saving thousands of lives, particularly those of Han Chinese descent. This branch of Taoism is also mentioned frequently in Jinyong's popular wuxia novels, including the Condor Trilogy.

With strong Taoist roots, the Quanzhen School specializes in the process of "alchemy within the body" or Neidan (internal alchemy), as opposed to Waidan (external alchemy which experiments with the ingestion of herbs and minerals, etc). The Waidan tradition has been largely replaced by Neidan, as Waidan was a sometimes dangerous and lethal pursuit. Quanzhen focuses on internal cultivation of the person which is consistent with the pervading Taoist belief of Wu Wei, which is essentially "action through inaction."

Like most Taoists, Quanzhen priests were particularly concerned with longevity and immortality through alchemy, harmonising oneself with the Tao, studying the Five Elements, and ideas on balance consistent with Yin-Yang theory.