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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the functions of integument appendages and system? |
Forms external covering, protects deeper tissue from injury
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What are the layers of dermis? |
Papillary Layer and Recticular layer |
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What is the function of the Papillary Layer? |
It contains the Dermal Papillae( blood vessels+sensitive pain and touch receptors) |
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what is the function of the Recticular layer? |
This layer resists tearing but can be stretched a little
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what are the cells of edidermis and their functions? |
1) Keratinocytes- produce+ release the protein Kertain 2) Melanocytes- produce+ release the proteinMelanine 3) Merkel- Touch receptor 4) Langerhams- Fixed macrophage |
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what are the regions of integument? |
Epidermis and Dermis |
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what layers of epidermis and what occurs in the layers when kertinocytes pass through? |
1) Stratum Basale- where is it found 2) stratum spinosum- where they attach to each other 3) stratum Granulosium- where they exhibit Granules 4) Stratum Lucidum- thin layer of dead kertinocytes 5)stratum corneum- thick, waterproof layer, kertinocytes dead |
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What is simple squamous Epithelial ? |
Epithelial tissue found in the lining of the lungs and it found where things can easily passed through |
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what is Simple cubical epithelial ? |
epithelium tissue that secretes and absorption from the apicial surface. found in kidney tubules |
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what is simple columnar epithelial? |
epithelium tissue that secretes and absorption from the apicial surface. found in small intestine |
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what is pseudostratified Ciliated columar epithelial? |
epithelium tissue for protection, found in trachea |
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what is stratified squamous? |
epithelium tissue for protection from abrasion and friction, found in epidermis |
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what is stratified cuboibual? |
epithelium tissue for protection and some secretion, found in ducts of sweat gland |
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what is stratified columnar? |
epithelium tissuefor protection, found in part of the male urethra |
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what is transitional epithelium? |
epithelium tissuefor distensible ( only one with 2 nucleus) found in urinary bladder |
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What are the constituents of any connective tissues? |
All connective tissues are delivered from the embroyonic tissue mesenchyme |
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what are the different types of fibers? |
1) collagen fibers- tensile strength( the more the stronger 2) elastic fibers- can be bent+ stretched 3) reticular fiber- form network |
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what is Areolor tissue ? |
Connective Tissue that wraps around organs that keeps them in place, nd absorbs excess fluid away from the other tissues. uses all 3 fibers |
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what is Adipose Tissue? |
Connective Tissue that stores fat, energy and insulates our body. uses all 3 fibers |
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what is recticular tissue? |
Connective Tissue that is used as filtration in the spleen. uses only recticlar fibers |
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Dense regular Connective Tissue |
strongly resists tearing/ pulling fibers in the direction of fibers. located in tendons. alot of collegon tissue |
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Dense irregular Connective Tissue |
resists tearing/ pulling in multiple directions, located in the dermis. alot of collegon tissue
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elastic tissue |
connective tissue that can be stretched quickly and repeatedly found in the arteries |
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What is Hyaline cartilage? |
rigid but sightly flexible, shock absorber for the skeleton (knee) |
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what is Elastic Cartilage ? |
connective tissue that is like hyaline cartilage but has elastic and collagen fibers, found in the pinnae (ear) |
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what is fibocartilage? |
connective tissue is a combo hyaline cartilage and Dense regular Connective Tissue. shock absorber and resistant to pulling forces. found in inter vertebral discs |
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what is dehydration synthesis? |
monomers are combined into a polymer with the removal of water |
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what is hydrolysis? |
a polymer is broken into a monomer with the addition of water |
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what are the different kinds of carbohydrates? |
1) monoscacchride- ring of 5 or 5 carbons with alor of H, nd O (ex. glucose) 2) discaccharide- 2 monoscacchride combine (ex. sucrose) 3) polyscacchride- used for energy (ex. cellulose) |
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what are the different types of lipids? |
1)triglycerides -energy storage (fat) 2)Phospholipids- found in membrane, polar + non polar 3) steroid- acts as hormone and vitamins |
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what is Fibrous protein? |
enlongate, large and sturdy protein |
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what is Glubular protein? |
compact, intricate, and fragile protein |
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what is enzymes? |
glowlar protein that acts as cataylsts, and they help reactions occur more quickly and efficiently |
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what is phosphorylation? |
a chemical reaction in which phospate molecule is added to a molecule; for example, phosphorylation of ADP is ATP |
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what are the components of any cell? |
1) Plasma membrane 2) Nucleus 3) cytoplasm |
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what is organelles ? |
the working machiery of the cell ( small cells ) |
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what is cytosol? |
the aqueous medium |
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what is the difference between passive and active processes? |
passive- does not require ATP, is dependent on diffusion active- a membrane protein a ("pump") moves a solute across the membrane from low to high, which requires ATP |
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what is protein synthesis? |
transcription is first and occurs in the nucleus and coverts DNA to RNA and then this is transferred to the Cytoplasm in the chromosomes and translation occurs, which is RNA to the specific protein |
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what are the functions common to a living thing? |
1) living things maintain boundaries 2) reproduction 3) responsiveness 4) metabolism 5) maintenance of homeostasis |
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what is homeostasis? |
a state of balance, in which internal conditions change, but only within narrow limits, despite external influences Ex. body temp |
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what is in the dorsal body cavity? |
Cranial cavity and the Vertebral cavity |
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what is it in the Ventral body cavity? |
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
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what are the 3 body planes |
frontal plane (anterior+ posterior) Transverse( superior+ inferior) median(left + right) |
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medial |
towards middle of body |
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lateral |
further from middle body |
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proximal |
closer to point of attachment |
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distal |
further from point of attachment |
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vertical |
towards front of body anterior |
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dorsal |
toward back of the body posterior |
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how does the PH scale work? |
it goes 0-14, 14 is the most basic and 0 is the most acidic. 7 is neutral |
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what is the hierarchy levels of structural organization ? |
chemical level cellular level tissue level organ level organ system level organismal level |
