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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rosh Hashanah |
Jewish New years- repentance and celebration |
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Yom Kipur |
Day of atonement: 10 days after New Years, Go directly to god for forgiveness |
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Sukkot |
Feast of Tabernacles: Build a temporary hut because life is temporary |
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Simhat Torah |
Reveling with the Torah: Everyone may touch the Torah |
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Hannukkah |
Festival of Lights: Rededicate your life to God, one gift given every night |
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Tu Bishvat |
new Years for the trees: We eat fruit to remind that god nourishes our lives |
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Purim |
Casting of lots: Based on Book of Esther |
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Passover |
Lasts 8 days. celebrates Exodus from bonds of egypt. Everything in the meal is a symbol |
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The Omer |
Holiday of Mourning: Lasts 50 days. Can't get married or cut your hair. Orthodox men don't shave. |
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Shavout |
Pentecost: Celebrates the giving of the law. Read the Torah all night long. |
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Three Weeks |
The Dark Time: The MEssiah will come on this holiday, so spring cleaning. Last holiday of the cycle |
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Tanak |
Main Book of Jewish Scripture: Torah (The Law), Neviim (Prophets), Ktenim(Writings) |
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Mishnah |
"Oral Torah" |
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Gemara |
Commentary on Torah |
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Midrash |
Commentary on any scripture |
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Holy Envy |
Recognize elements in other faiths that you admire |
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Religious Etiquette |
Dont ask loaded questsions or questions that begin with why. Instead start with "Tell me about..." |
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Religious Cautions |
Avoid media sensationalism Don’t stare at those who are different Avoid generalized terms like “normal” Avoid loaded terms Don’t step on already bruised toes Know your beliefs before you study others |
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Reasons to Study World Religions |
If you weren't mormon, you would have to find the religion. Understanding other's beliefs helps us share the gospel. We should seek truth wherever we can find it. |
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Purpose of Mortality (in general) |
Test to see how we deal with what God has given us to work with. Theory: We were born into different religions in mortality because we needed something from it. |
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Questions to ask about other religions |
What question is this doctrine trying to answer? Does God want everyone to be a Mormon? |
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Monolatry |
Worship one god even if others may exist. |
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God will do 3 things (Jewish) |
Create universe, reveal torah, redeem his creations |
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Jewish Soteriology |
Live commandments of God, Live as a covenant people, help coming of the millenium |
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Jewish Heaven |
Incomprehensible. Late Judaism has christian-like views of heaven |
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Jewish Messiah |
Not always a man, aids in salvation |
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Persecution(Jewish Symbol) |
Evidence that Jews are God's covenant people |
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Menora |
7 Branches. Represents the Tree of Life |
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Star of David |
Unknown Origin. May represent our prayers and God's answers to them |
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Jewish Authority |
Man goes to school, gets ordained and is hired as a rabbi. Prophets don't exist anymore. Moses is THE prophet. Rabbis should be married so they can give counsel |
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Kosher |
The symbols of things you eat. Examples: Dont eat milk and meat at same time. Dont have the bottom half of cow. Acceptable animals chew the cud and part the hooves. Dont eat fish without scales. Dont eat pigs or rabbits. |
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Pigs (Judaism) |
Represent calling on god only in times of need. |
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Rabbits(Judaism) |
Represent immorality |
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Women(Judaism) |
Orthodox women are only mothers. They may not read or touch torah. Liberal women can do anything a man can. Men and women are incomplete without each other. |
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Jewish Doctrines |
Agency Mikveh Sabbath Day Abrahamic Covenant |
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Mikveh |
immersion in bath to become clean which women must do 1 week after finishing their period so they can have sexual relations again |
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Sabbath Day (Jewish) |
Sundown (Friday) to Sundown (Saturday) |
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Jewish Denominations (order of orthodox to conservative) |
UltraOrthodox Modern Orthodox Conservative Reformed Assimilated |
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Beginnings of Hinduism |
No known founder. They see this as justification that this is from God. It's always been true. Started in 500 BC. in 18th-19th century became what we know it as today. Hindus may be offended by this because they think its eternal. |
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What does Hindu mean |
Indian, from india. A better name for it might be Dharma. |
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Dharma |
"The way" |
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Nature of Hindu God? |
Monism: whether there is one or many Gods doesn't matter. The one reality is Brahman, you can think of anything else however you like. |
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Brahman |
The ultimate. He/she/it is everything. |
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The Big 3 Gods (Hinduism) |
Brahma Vishnu Shiva |
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Brahma |
The Worlds creator. Not an active participant in our lives |
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Vishnu |
10 avatars. Most popular diety. Blue skin and kind to humans |
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Shiva |
Destruction: Will destroy the world at the end of this cycle. Often depicted with 4 arms. |
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Shakti |
Refers to the worship of the big 3's wives. Seen as good because your partner enables you. |
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Most important God to Hindus |
The gods of their villages who protect their vegetation and livestock. These Gods are usually female. Very prevalent in their lives. |
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Brahmin |
Hindu Priestly cast |
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Soteriology (Hinduism) |
Overcome Maya or Illusion Obtain release from samsar(cycle) |
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Moksha |
Breaking cycle of rebirths in hinduism |
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How to get to heaven (Hinduism) |
Removing karma: any religion can help you do so. You must do what you were born into. |
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Karma |
Your choices will follow you in your next life. karma is only bad. Virtue burns up karma |
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Hindu Theology |
If you do not have enlightenment, you are living a lie. You need to detach yourself from appetites so you can become part of brahman. |
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Hindu Caste System |
Brahmins-priestly class Kshatriyas-ruling warrior class Vaisyas-Majority of hindus/common people Sudras- Slaves Untouchables-as they sound |
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Mahatma Ghandi |
Born a vaisya, wanted to get rid of caste system. claimed social justice was more important than asceticism. Rejecting caste system is almost like rejecting hinduism and karma |
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3 ways to get off wheel (hinduism) |
Karma Jyana Bhakti |
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Jyana |
Knowledge through meditation |
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Bhakti |
Devotion to a diety who will help you off |
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Hindu Scripture |
Shruti Smriti Vedas Bhagavad Gita Role of scripture is whatever you want it to be |
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Shruti |
"heard" or "revealed" |
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Smriti |
"remembered" These are more accessible to regular people |
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Four stages of Hindu Life |
Student Householder hermit ascetic |
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Hindu Worship |
Lots of chanting, no sabbath, little group worship. Ritual washings. River Ganges is holy |
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Hindu Sacred clothing |
Clothing draws you away from god. There is none |
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Hindu Prayer |
Mantras/repeated syllables |
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"Om" |
Syllable of supreme reality |
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Hindu Marriage |
Marriage is arranged. Couples have no expectations for each other so anything that is good is a bonus. Hands are tied together at ceremony "Rent a fetching wedding dress"
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Hindu Death Rituals |
Cremation. Ashes usually scattered in water. Don't die with emotions or you will be taken somewhere with that emotion until reincarnation. |
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Shakra |
Spiritual tube/tunnel which pulls away the spirit |
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Hindu Leadership |
Brahmins are priestly caste but they dont preside. There is no leadership structure. |
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Hindu Dietary restrictions |
Brahmin priests are vegetarions, most people dont kill cows, some people dont drink wine ect. |
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Women (Hindu) |
Brahmins look down on them. Seen as sudras in rural communities. Women are taken care of by sons. Men still need women. |
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You can be reincarnated as: (hinduism) |
God, human, animal, insect, vegetation, or demon only first 2 of those can get off wheel |
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Bindi or Tikka |
3rd eye. Protects from evil. Variations show how you worship. |
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Hindu Schools of thought (not really denominations) |
Nyaya- logical school Vaisheshika-physical reality Samkhya-evolution of all things Yoga-personal,physical,spiritual development Purva Mimamsa-focus on earlier vedas Vedanta- focus on later vedas |
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Founder of Zoroastrianism |
Zarathustra |
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Zarathustra |
Born of a virgin laughed when born Name means "Yellow camel" Prophesied birth of Jesus (this proves zarathustra is divine rather than anything about Jesus) |
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Zarathustra's vision |
At age 30 sees Ahura Mazda and 6 radiant beings surrounding his throne |
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Zarathustra's mission |
Not successful until he heals the kings horse |
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Zarathustra's Death |
is stabbed by a soldier. He throws his beads and kills the soldier before dying |
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Nature of God (Zoroastrianism) |
Kind of Monotheist: Lack of clear denial of other gods. Ahura Mazda is the only uncreated being. He created everything as good and gave them agency. He does not punish his creations. The law he creates does. |
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Gayomar |
Son of ahura mazda. Spills his seed on the ground. Rhubarb springs up which becomes first 2 humans. |
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Soteriology (Zoroastrianism) |
Choose good over evil and serve your fellow man. Anyone who does good works can go to heaven. Everyone has a mission to fulfill on earth. |
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Death (Zoroastrianism) |
Spirit hovers near body for 3 days. Words, thoughts, and deeds are weighed. You know how you did during those days based on how you feel. At end of 3 days you are led to a bridge. You will fall off bridge if you are bad into a crappy pit, otherwise will make it across the bridge to paradise. |
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Judgement of Body (Zoroastrianism) |
Experience a bath of molten metal. If you are righteous it will feel fine, otherwise it will be excruciating. |
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Angra Mainyu |
The devil. Will be completely eradicated in bath of molten metal |
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Saoshyant |
Messianic figure of Zoroastrianism. Born of a virgin |
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Zoroastrian Scripture |
Yasna Visparad Yashts Vendidad 75% of scripture was destroyed |
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Yasna |
Zarathustra's hymns for worship |
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Visparad |
Hymns for praise and sacrifice (predate Zarathustra) |
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Yashts |
sacrificial hymns (predate Zarathustra) |
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Vendidad |
Laws against demons and ritual impurity |
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Scripture's Role in Zoroastrianism |
Liturgical (not to draw doctrine), most members have no idea about scriptures contents |
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Zoroastrian Worship |
Sacrifice (liquid libation) |
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Zoroastrian marriage |
Performed anywhere on raised platform. There is a curtain drawn between people to be married. They throw rice at each other when curtain falls. Married people are obligated to have children and marry inside the faith. |
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Zoroastrian Clothing |
Sudre Kusti |
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Sudre |
cotton shirt (zoroastrianism) Has a small pocket to hold good thoughts good actions, and good words |
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kusti |
belt made of 72 strings (zoroastrianism) |
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Zoroastrian Buildings |
Fire temples (cover heads, remove shoes, wash before entering, fire is fed at all times) |
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Zoroastrian Prayer |
Ritual washing before 5 times a day During prayer it is common to tie and untie kusti Memorized prayers and prayers of the heart Hope to die with prayer on their lips |
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Incense (Zoroastrianism) |
Frankincense is smell of Ahura Mazda. Common to light incense in morning and carry it around the house. |
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Zoroastrian Symbols |
Fire Clothing Faravahar (robed man in center of bird wings) |
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Zoroastrian Authority |
Patrilineal priesthood (dont teach or preside, perform ceremonies, masks and white while in temple) |
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Zoroastrian attitude towards women |
Equal with different roles only men hold the priesthood Women is being attacked by the devil during her period |
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Zoroastrian Devil |
"The shining one" One of God's offspring who was good and then rebelled Seeks to bring disorder ignorant only functions by god's permission |
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Pre-existance (Zoroastrianism) |
Spirits were created before bodies Bodies need to listen to spirits |
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Contamination(Zoroastrianism) |
Do not contaminate earth, water, or fire. Be careful with waste. Bodies used to be eaten by birds. Now they are put in vaults. |
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Intimacy (Zoroastrianism) |
Wasted seed is inappropriate, and children are the reason for sex |
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Zoroastrian denominations |
none |
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Founder of Taoism |
Lao Tzu |
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Lao Tzu |
(Taoism) Wrote the Tao te ching Scholars question whether he actually existed. A guard asked him to write down his philosophy |
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Tao (God) |
Like the trinity Mysterious and unknowable |
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Origins of Taoism |
In response to political and social circumstances of his day. Appeals to those who are disillusioned with social agitation and military conquest |
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Denominations of Taoism |
86 denominations with 2 categories Religious Philosophical |
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Religious Taoism |
more like Yang Believe in God (nature dieties) Filial piety is more imporant reject wu-wei |
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Philosophical Taoism |
God is a non-issue more like Yin |
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Soteriology (Taoism) |
Almost nonexistant. Point of life is to live in harmony with yin and yang |
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Yin |
Negative, feminine, darkness, earth, weakness, death, ect |
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Yang |
Masculine, Positive, heaven, light , strength life, ect |
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Wu-wei |
Dont resist, confront, or deny trials, dont try to change peole |
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Scripture (Taoism) |
One of the largest canons in any world religion. Continually grows because of spirit writers Tao te ching Chuang-tzu |
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Tao te ching |
written by Lao Tzu |
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Chuang-tzu |
highlights the deceptive nature of knowledge and difficulty of distinguishing right from wrong |
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Symbols (Taoism) |
Yin yang Water (Can be powerful, yet flows where it needs to go) |
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Authority (Taoism) |
Monks passed from father to son |
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Women (Taoism) |
Women are seen as equal in principle but not in practice because Taoism is prevalent in sexist china |
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Dietary restrictions (Taoism) |
Only among Hygiene School sect dont eat meat or drink wine dont eat grain because gods inside you feed on grain Some only have liquid diet |
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Wu-hsing |
Fire Earth metal water wood Everything is an interaction between these 5 eleements |
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Kuei |
Evil spirits in Taoism. Exorcism can get rid of them. Exorcism performed by fireworks, loud noises ect |
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Soteriology (Jainism) |
Renounce materialistic demands Ahimsa |
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Ahimsa |
Never ever take any life ever (Jainism) |
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Three ethical tools that aid in release (jainism) |
right knowledge, right faith, right conduct |
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Five vows of monasticism (Jainism) |
Ahimsa Satya Asteya Aparigraha Brahmacharya |
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Satya |
Speak truth (Jainism) |
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Asteya |
avoid theft, greed, exploitation (Jainism) |
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Aparigraha |
detachment form material things (Jainism) |
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Brahmacharya |
chastity (Jainism) |
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Nature of heaven (Jainism) |
Nirvana, but different than hinduism because you will keep your individual soul |
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reincarnation vs transmigration |
reincarnation: created into a completely new being every cycle transmigration: your soul is transplanted and you keep your individuality |
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Scripture (Jainism) |
No official cannon Agama (Tradition) Siddhanta (Doctrine) |
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Shen |
Good Spirits in Taoism |
