Test 1

Front 1

Helping

Back 1

Relationship between two unequal partners to assist those who are weaker or less able

Front 2

Serving

Back 2

balanced connection between individuals

Front 3

Communication

Back 3

a dynamic process of exchanging information and ideas between and among individuals: encoding, transmitting, and decoding intended messages

Front 4

Language

Back 4

arbitrary symbols, rule-governed.

Front 5

Encoding/Decoding

Back 5

sharing same idea/message between talker and listener in a communication process

Front 6

Communication

Back 6

believed to begin at birth, does not depend on the use of language or speech

Front 7

Infants - First Few Months

Back 7

discriminate contrasting phonemes, coordinate eye gaze. Differentiate between intonation patterns. Recognize different voices, distinguish verbal from nonverbal sound.

Front 8

Early Development

Back 8

early communicative behaviors of infants - gaze, intention, interaction between caretaker and baby, joint reference and joint action.

Front 9

Joint Action

Back 9

refers to actions or events that enable children to predict outcome of communication (peekaboo)

Front 10

Joint Reference

Back 10

refers to an agreed referent for a particular object or person and is important for development of early word meaning.

Front 11

Children typically progress from

Back 11

reflexive, undifferentiated, non-intentional communication to conventional, verbal, intentional communication by their second birthday.

Front 12

Primary purpose of language

Back 12

to code transmissions between and among individuals

Front 13

Form

Back 13

Syntax, Morphology, and Phonology

Front 14

Content

Back 14

Semantics

Front 15

Use

Back 15

Pragmatics

Front 16

Respiratory System

Back 16

supply oxygen to the blood and remove excess carbon dioxide, also serves as the generating source for speech production.

Structures: lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes, muscles of rib cage, abdominal, diaphragm

Front 17

Lungs

Back 17

organs of respiration, porous and spongy

Front 18

Trachea

Back 18

cartilaginous and membranous tube with rings that form the structure that moves air in and out of lungs

Front 19

Bronchial Tubes

Back 19

extend into lungs from trachea, air transport to and from lungs

Front 20

Muscles of Rib Cage

Back 20

cause rib cage to expand and compress

Front 21

Abdominal Content

Back 21

stomach and intestinnes

Front 22

Diaphragm

Back 22

separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, works with and/or independent of the rib cage to move air in and out of the lungs

Front 23

Developmental Changes

Back 23

anatomic differences result in difference in function across development (children have a faster rate of respiration and use greater air pressures than adults for speaking).

Front 24

Resting Tidal Breathing

Back 24

Breathing to sustain life

Front 25

Inspiration

Back 25

Diaphragm contracts, rib cage and lungs expand, lung volume increases and air pressure drops, causing air to rush in

Front 26

Expiration

Back 26

Rib cage wall size decreases, lungs are compressed, pressure within lungs increases, causing air to rush out. Does not require active muscle contraction

Front 27

Respiratory Cycle

Back 27

one inhalation and exhalation

Front 28

Larynx

Back 28

An air valve composed of cartilages, muscles, and other tissue. It is the main sound generator for speech production.

Front 29

Larynx

Back 29

voice box, tube located on top of the trachea through which air passes into and out of the lungs. It functions as a 'valve' which opens or closes the air stream. This produces a vibrating sound (phonation).

Front 30

Vocal Folds

Back 30

vibrating structures of the larynx

Front 31

Medial compression

Back 31

force that brings the vocal folds together at midline to produce voice

Front 32

Thyroid cartilage

Back 32

large, H-shaped cartilage that contributes to much of the bulk of the larynx and works with the Aryenoid and Cricoid cartilages to stretch and contract vocal folds.

Front 33

Supralaryngeal

Back 33

(above larynx) system, the structures that move to produce speech. Three parts: Pharynx/Pharyngeal Cavity; Oral Cavity; Nasal Cavity

Front 34

Pharynx/Pharyngeal Cavity

Back 34

connects directly to the laryngeal opening. Pharynx is divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Front 35

Oral/Nasal Cavity

Back 35

separated by the hard and soft palate

Front 36

Articulators

Back 36

the structures that move to produce speech including: lips, jaw, tongue, pharyngeal walls, soft palate, teeth

Front 37

Phonation

Back 37

the beginning of speech production

Front 38

Tracheal/Alveolar pressure

Back 38

air pressure that builds up beneath adducted vocal folds

Front 39

Fundamental Frequency

Back 39

the number of cycles of vocal fold vibrations per second

Front 40

Harmonics

Back 40

whole-number multiples of the fundamental frequency

Front 41

The Source-Filter Theory

Back 41

Movement of the tongue, lips, and larynx change the shape of the vocal tract and modify sound

Front 42

Formants

Back 42

the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract.

Front 43

Communication Disorder

Back 43

one which deviates from the community standards sufficiently enough to interfere with transmission of the message, stand out as unusually different, and produce negative feelings for the communicator

Front 44

Communication Difference

Back 44

a language variety which is normal phenomenon, not necessarily an indication of a communication problem. (dialects, accents)

Front 45

Dialect

Back 45

a variety of language derived from historical, social, political, educational, regional, and cultural differences; does not derive from biological differences. Has its own linguistic surface structure, deep structure, and rules for language use; different from an accent

Front 46

Accent

Back 46

the phonological, idiomatic, suprasegmental, and vocal characteristics of spoken language. Refers only to the surface structure of language, reflects regional or foreign language influences.