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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Origins of the term Hinduism
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Came from indus valley.
comes from sindus british also gave them the name |
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dharma
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one's duty in life, the way things are intended
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Indo-Arayans
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Invaded Indus Valley. Tooks over. Wrote the Vedas. 1500 BCE. "nobles"
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Sanskrit
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Language of Vedas
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Where do Hindu's live?
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Mainly in south Asia
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How many people practice Hinduism?
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About 800 Million
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Who were the first/ealier people to study Hinduism
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The dravidian Harappans
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When and where did the Harappa civilization flourish?
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They flourished in southern asia and were around 2500 BCE to 1500 BCE
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What are the Vedas?
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four collection of ancient prayers.
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When and what was the Axis Age?
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6th Cenury BCE. It was time of religious shift. New thinkers came to be.
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compared to islam and christianity, hinduism does not have...
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A direct founder. a single written text accepted by all. religious elite. a defensive structure.
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When Islam entered India
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1206
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When British entered India
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1500 CE
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ahimsa
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nonharm, nonviolence
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ashram
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a spiritual community
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avatar
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and earthly embodiment of a deity
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bhagavad Gita
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Literary work about krishna. shows god will go at any lengths to show his love. shows devotion does not matter when it comes to class.
arjuna has conflict with how he should handle dispute between cousins |
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bhakti
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devotion to a deity or guru
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bhakti yoga
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spiritual disciplin of devotion to a deity or guru
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bramha
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god of creation
not important anymore |
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brahmin
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member of priestly caste. teach religious beliefs
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brahman
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the spiritual essence of the universe
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caste
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social class
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Devi
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the divine feminie, great mother, desires well being of children
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dhyana
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meditation
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Durga
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mother-goddess, form of Devi, "unapproachable"
Rides lion 10 arms protector |
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guru
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spiritual teacher
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hatha yoga
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spiritual discipline of postures and bodily exercises
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jnana yoga
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spiritual discipline of knowledge and insight
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kali
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"dark" a form of devi
associated with destruction and rebirth kills enemies |
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how to recognize durga
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she's white, beautiful.
ten arms knives rides a lion |
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how to recognize kali
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black
skulls drinks blood |
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karma
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moral law of cause and effect that determines rebirth
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karma yoga
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spiritual devotion of selfless action
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Krishna
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associated with divine playfulness
form of vishnu mischievous blue |
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kundalini yoga
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raja yoga that uses the energy of the body and alligns the body so it has a center. shockras. produces joy
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mantra
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chant during meditation
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maya
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"illusion" what keeps us from seeing the real reality.
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moksha
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"liberation" from personal limitation, egotism, and regirth
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monism
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everything in the universe is one. the universe is divine
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puja
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offerings and ritual in honor of deity
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raja yoga
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royal discipline of meditation
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rama
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a god and mythical king. form of vishnu.
has blue skin in the story of ramayana perfect man |
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samadhi
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state of complete inner peace resulting from meditation
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samsara
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the everyday world of change and suffering leading to rebirth.
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sannyasin
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wandering holy man, wife can be with him
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trimurti
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"three forms"
brahma vishnu shiva |
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Shiva
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associated with disruction and rebirth
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Upanishads
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"to sit near/to be near"
after the vedas |
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What were the Upanishads?
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Written meditations on the spiritual essence of the universe and self
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Vishnu
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god of preservation and love
associated with sun |
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yoga
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spiritual discipline, method of perfecting one's union with the divine
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Gandhi
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did non violent protests against the british rule
renamed the untouchables |
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When did India become independent?
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1947
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polytheism
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belief in many gods
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Three ways to reach moksha
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action
knowledge devotion |
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Untouchables
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outcasts
renamed by Gandhi the children of god |
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Four stages of life (for men)
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student
householder hermit(sannyasin) escetic |
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Ganesh
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the elephant headed god
he is the god of good luck |
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Female Deities
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Devi, Durga, Kali, Sarasvati, Lakshmi
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Holi Festival
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spring festival
crazy paint thrown social class does not matter |
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Chaturthi Festival
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Ganesh festival
summer |
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Diwali
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Autumn
new year honors lakshmi |
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materialistic perspective
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religion is false
material world is true |
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problems with materialistic perspective
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religion is the product of mental illness, social need, economic conflict
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followers of materialistic per
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feuerbach
freud marx |
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intellectualist perspective
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religion is false, a way of understanding the world
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followers of intellectualists
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tylor
frazer |
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idealist perspective
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religion is true
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followers of idealistic perspective
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otto
eliade |
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downside to idealist
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it has no historical dates or evidence to support it
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religion
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to tie back, to tie again
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the enlightenment (18th C)
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religion became an object of study
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deism
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the study of natural things, promise of after life, belief in creator god
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deism followers
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benjamin franklin
thomas jefferson |
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functional perspective
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religion has a purpose
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functional followers
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durkheim
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semiotic perspective
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religion is a set of symbols that we are supposed to figure out the meaning of.
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followers of semiotic perspective
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geertz
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bruce lincoln's definition of religion
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discourse
community set of practices an institution |
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myth
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answer questions about religion through stories. are true depending on your beliefs
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ethics
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rules of human behavior
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How do religions in asia differ from the middle east?
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islam is over simplified, has one god, spreads faith, no caste system.
hinduism has 1000's of gods, has a caste system, does not spread faith |
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profane
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not true
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Religion in south asia
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life is seen as suffering,goal is to get away from samsara
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religion of east asia
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yin/yang, life is balance and harmony
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How do hindu's name their religion?
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dharma
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animism
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the belief that nature is made up of spirits
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immanent
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existing and operating within nature
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omnipotent
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having great or unlimited authority
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pantheism
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everything in the universe is divine
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transcendent
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"climbing beyond" beyond time and space
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profane
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unholy
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Golden Age of India
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4th CE, Gupta, revival of hinduism and arayan culture
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When did India become part of the British empire?
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1858
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Rig Veda
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Most important, collection of hyms, oldest,
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What do you learn about Indic religion from the Vedas?
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No temples
sacrifices made under open skies |
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sacrifices to gods
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to make them happy
made by priests |
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Vedic Deities
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all male
maintained order sacrifices of the elements |
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Deities of earth/skies
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Indra
Varuna Rudra-shiva |
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Liturgical deities
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agni
soma brihaspati |
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main characteristics of vedic tradition
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polytheism
all dieties are equal each gods were creator of the universe |
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Upanishads significance
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the shift from outer to inner sacrifice.
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ascetisism
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refraning from what you desire
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atman
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inner self
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shruti
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"what is heard"
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3 ways of salvation
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works
devotion knowledge |
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manu
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"thinking being" "mankind" a set of duties
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4 basic castes
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brahmins
warriors workers servants |
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Rules when fufilling one's caste
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never marry outside of caste
deities should be worshipped each day offer spirits food and prayer sacrimental rites shoulb be performed at each stage of life |
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duties of women
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to serve their husbands unconditionally
never be independent treat husbands like gods |
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Mahahbarata
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help of krishna was crucial.
exploitatin of arayans |
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Puranas
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stories of trimurti
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distinguishing bramha
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four faces, four arms
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Shiva
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The destroyer
erotic lover male/female |
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characteristics of shiva
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erect penis
snakes drum dancing trident |
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Ganesh
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worshipped to overcome obstacles and upholds dharma
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vishnu's avatars
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krishna
siddartha rama |
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ganges river
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mother river, karma and sins are washed away in river
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darshan
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visual contact with deity
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sadhus
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a person who is at the ultimate reality
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varanasi
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place of pilgrimage
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Akbar
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great muslim ruler
16c. was tolerant tried to create a new religion |
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Auragzeb
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Ruler of 17th c.
destroyed hindu temples |
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Mirabai
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16th c.
defied norms of female dharms woman led an ascetic life through krishna |
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Ram Mohan Roy
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hinduism was monotheistic,
all religions have similar core educated brahmin |
