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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is “discovery” a controversial word when used to describe the discovery of America? |
The term “discovery” is inaccurate regarding Christopher Columbus’s expedition because America was already inhabited prior to Columbus. |
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What is the greatest myth about Native Americans? |
Most think/thought the Native Americans were all the same; however, they lived in various societies and spoke hundreds of different languages. |
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What are the differences and similarities in Indian civilizations? |
The greatest similarity between the tribes was religion and religious ceremonies. The greatest differences were politics and language. |
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How did the Native Americans and Europeans view land differently? |
Native Americans viewed land as a resource; they owned the right to use the land, but didn’t own the land itself. The Europeans viewed land as a commodity. |
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What is the difference of gender relations in Europe and America? |
In Native American societies, women were given many rights and families were centered around the wives and mothers. Women were allowed to divorce and had more authority, unlike in European society in which women were their husband's property. |
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How did the Europeans view Native Americans? |
Indians were either viewed as brute, barbaric savages or peaceful, liberal people. |
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How did the Indians and Europeans differently view freedom? |
The Indians had group autonomy and mutual obligation, while the Europeans had individual autonomy and land ownership. |
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What was the rationale for early exploration and the expansion of Europe? |
The rationale was the desire to eliminate Islamic middlemen. |
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What was the freedom and slavery like in Africa? |
African slaves were usually criminals, and it wasn’t uncommon for slaves to gain freedom. More than 100,000 slaves were transported to Spain and Portugal. |
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What were Columbus’s two goals for his voyages? |
He wanted to convert Asians to Christianity and develop trade in the East. |
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What did Spain take the lead in and what was their purpose? |
They took the lead in European conquest and exploration, and their purpose was God, gold, and glory. |
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What were the three things that led to the decline of the Native Americans? |
War, enslavement, and disease, disease being the most prominent. |
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What allowed Spain to claim possession of lands that belonged to someone else? |
They had immense confidence in the superiority of their own cultures to those they encountered in America. |
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What was the first colonized region in the present-day United States, and why? |
Florida, and to establish a military base. |
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Why is Amerigo Vespucci considered a significant explorer? |
He made it clear and prominent to Europe that there was a New World in the west. |
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Which was the first of Spain’s major European rivals to embark on the New World? |
France, who initially aimed to find gold and to locate a Northwest Passage. |
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Which two freedoms did the Dutch enjoy that the other European countries didn’t? |
Freedom of the press and of private religious practice. |
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Why did the Dutch treat the Indians more humanely than the Spanish? |
The Dutch won their independence from Spain in the bloodiest war of the sixteenth century; therefore they could relate to the Indians and had a “common enemy”. |
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What were the similarities of the Spanish, French, and Dutch empires? |
All brought Christianity, new forms of technology and learning, new legal systems and family relations, and new forms of economic enterprise and wealth. |
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Short Answer: Explain the relationships between the Indians and the early European powers. |
The relationships between the Indians and the Dutch and French were slightly different, but mostly similar. The Dutch sympathized with the Native Americans and were more of allies. They both were oppressed by Spain. On the other hand, the French viewed the Native Americans as equals and trading partners, but they didn’t really have that level of empathy with them. The French weren’t oppressed by Spain. Lastly, the relationship with Spain and the Native Americans was cold and brutal. Spain exploited the Indians and forced them into slavery. The Spanish also forced their Catholicism onto the Indians, and caused the Indians to be further from that religion than before. In conclusion, though the Spanish were inhumane with the Indians, the Dutch and the French were considerate and reasonable with the Native Americans. |
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What was the first prominent British settlement in the U.S.? |
Jamestown. |
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Why did the British immigrate to the New World? |
They wanted to create opportunities for themselves to have liberty and religious freedom. |
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What are the differences and similarities between slaves and indentured servants? |
They are similar because they could be both sold and bought, they had to have permission to marry, and they were subject to physical punishment. They were different because indentured servants were free to be released of bondage and receive freedom dues. |
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What were the Englishmen in North America chiefly interest in? |
Displacing the Indians, settling on their land, and not intermarrying with them. |
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What were the reasons for the decline of early Jamestown? |
The colony’s leadership changed repeatedly, the first settlers didn’t include many farmers, and disease. |
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What was the significance of tobacco? |
It was Virginia’s substitute for gold. |
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What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact? |
It was the first written frame of government in the United States. |
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Why were the New England colonies so successful compared to the other colonies? |
The climate was better, it was generally older, it was more prosperous, its people came as a family unit, and the men to women ratio was very even. |
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Why was Roger Williams significant? |
He was the first minister to promote religious liberty. He was banished due to that, and, along with his followers, founded Rhode Island. |
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What is mercantilism? |
The idea that the government should regulate economic activity so as to promote national power. |
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How and why was Carolina founded? |
For over thirty years after the establishment of Maryland in 1634, no new English settlement was founded. in 1663, Charles II awarded the right to begin a colony north of Florida as a barrier of Spanish expansion to eight proprietors. The first settlers founded Carolina in 1670. |
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How and why was Pennsylvania founded? |
Pennsylvania was the last colony to be established in the seventeenth century. William Penn envisioned it as a place for those who experienced religious persecution in Europe could enjoy religious liberty. Charles II was in debt to the Penn family, so to “pay it off”, he allowed William the right to found Pennsylvania. |
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What were the advantages of slavery over indentured servitude? |
For the owner, slaves more more productive and effective for their purpose. They couldn’t gain the protections of English common law, slaves’ terms of service never expired, and they therefore did not become a population of unruly landless men. Their children were slaves, and their skin color made it harder for them to escape. |
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What is the Middle Passage? |
The voyage across the Atlantic for the slaves from Africa. |
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Who was George Whitefield and what was his significance? |
George Whitefield was an English minister, and he is significant because he sparked the beginning of The Great Awakening. |
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What was The Great Awakening? |
It was the expansion of newspapers and pamphlets, and it helped the colonists trust their own beliefs rather than those of established elites. |
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What was the Seven Year’s War? |
A war that took place between 1754 and 1763, the two major opponents being Great Britain and France. It happened due to the global desire for territory, and is sometimes considered one of the first true world wars. |
