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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
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A living component of a biological community; any organism that is part of an individual’s environment. |
Biotic Factors |
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The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain. |
Carrying Capacity |
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An interaction between organisms of different species in which one species lives in or on another species, the host. |
Symbiosis |
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An organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules from inorganic ingredients and must obtain them by consuming other organisms or their organic products; a consumer or a decomposer in a food chain. |
Heterotroph |
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An organism that makes its own food from inorganic ingredients, thereby sustaining itself without eating other organisms or their molecules. Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria are |
Autotroph |
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A small geographic area that contains a large number of threatened or endangered species and an exceptional concentration of endemic species (those found nowhere else) |
Biodiversity HotSpot |
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wildlife corridor or green corridor is an area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures (such as roads, development, or logging). |
Habitat Corridors |
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laws to protect species from extinction |
Endangered Species Act |
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The use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems. |
Bioremediation |
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wrote on the origin of species |
Darwin |
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co-published theory of natural selection after trip in pacific |
Wallace |
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immigration or emigration moves genes into or out of populations |
Gene Flow |
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changes in population's gene pool due to establishment of a small, new population |
Founder Effect |
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changes in a population’s gene pool due to random chance |
Genetic Drift |
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morphological features that share a common ancestry |
Homologous Structures |
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morphological features that do not share a common ancestry |
Analogous Structures |
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changes in a gene pool of a population over time |
Microevolution |
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evolution at or above the species level |
Macroevolution |
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Order, Regulation, Growth and Development, Energy Utilization, Response to Environment, Reproduction, Evolution |
Properties of life |
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The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments. |
Define ecology |
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A group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area at the same time. |
Population |
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All the organisms inhabiting and potentially interacting in a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species. |
Community |
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The study of energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among the various biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem. |
Ecosystem Ecology |
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Exponential growth |
J shape (humans) |
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Logistic growth |
S shape |
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place an organism lives |
habitat |
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the specific area an organism inhabits |
niche |
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Rainfall: 200cm+ LocaCon: Near Equator Plants: Layered Forests – Many/Large Leaves |
tropical rainforest |
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Rainfall: 100 - 150cm LocaCon: mid latitude Plants: deciduous trees like oak, maple, birch, elm, ash etc. |
Temperate Deciduous Forest: |
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Rainfall: 90-120cm LocaCon: midlat-high lat Plants: Cone-bearing trees like pine, spruce, fir, hemlock etc. |
Coniferous forest |
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Rainfall: 30cm-100cm LocaCon: Near Equator Plants: Grasslands with few trees |
Savanna |
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Rainfall: 30cm-100cm LocaCon: Midla-tudes & coastal Plants: Scrubland with evergreen shrubs & grasses |
Chaparral |
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Rainfall: 30-100cm/seasonal droughts LocaCon: all ranges/midlat. most common Plants: grasses |
Temperate Grassland |
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Rainfall: Less than 30cm LocaCon: Often in Rain shadows Midlat Plants: Cacti or plants adapted to low rainfall |
Desert |
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Rainfall: under 50cm LocaCon: Upper lat. with permafrost (permanently frozen subsoil) Plants: small grasses mosses |
Tundra |
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Rainfall: Very Low LocaCon: Poles Plants: Mosses & Lichens |
Polar Ice |
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4 land plant groups |
gymnosperms angiosperms (most successful) mosses ferns |
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Name two characteristics that all living things share |
growth and development reproduction |
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Draw a food chain with four organisms in it. Label the trophic levels with the appropriate consumer or producer titles. |
leaves - caterpillar - blue bird - hawk primary - primary - secondary - tertiary producer - consumer - consumer - consumer |
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Describe what is happening on Earth to cause Global Climate Changes including global warming covered in class and one solution you can personally do to help this problem |
Cause: increase in carbon dioxide/greenhouse gasses that build up in the atmosphere from burning fuels/other human activates and trap heat next to earth surface. Possible solution: ride a bike to lower carbon emissions |
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Describe on of the top three threats to biodiversity we discussed in class |
Introduced species overexploitation overuse of resources |
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What mechanism that caused "descent with modification: was proposed by Darwin and Wallace in the paper they published in 1858? |
Natural Selection |
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Ecology is said to be a. the scientific study of life b. the scientific study of how gene pools of a population change over time c. the scientific study of the geologic time scale and how new species form over time d. the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments |
d. the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environments |
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A scientist studies what processes are important to recycle vital chemical elements such as nitrogen within a savanna in Africa. This study would best be describe as a. a population ecology study b. a community ecology study c. an ecosystem ecology study d. a cellular study e. none of the above |
c. an ecosystem ecology study |
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The most common dispersion pattern that is seen in nature is a. clumped dispersion b. random dispersion c. uniform dispersion d. no dispersion patterns are ever seen in nature most populations show all three dispersion patterns equally all the time |
a. clumped dispersion |
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Exponential growth = J Logistic growth = S Carrying capacity |
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A scientist counts the number of one species of trout in a volume of water within a river. Counting the number of individuals of a species per unit volume would give a scientist a a. population density b. population age structure c. population dispersion map d. population growth graph e. none of the above |
a. population density |
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A Russian ecologist named Gause studied two Paramecium species growing in freshwater. The reseacher determined that the two Paramecium species could not occupy the name niche at the same time in the same freshwater system. Which idea was formulated from this research. a. mutualism principle b. community succession principle c. the competitive exclusion principle d. the theory of natural selection e. the theory of descent with modification |
c. the competitive exclusion principle |
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A group of raptors compete for different food resources and shelter within a group of connected forests. What king of limiting factors are the food resources and shelter in this example. a. food resources would be a density-dependent limiting factor and shelter would be a density-independent limiting factor b. food resources would be a density-dependent limiting factor and shelter would be a density-dependent limiting factor c. both are density-independent limiting factors d. both are density-dependent limiting factors e. not enough information is given to determine the type of limiting factors in this example |
d. both are density-dependent limiting factors |
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The sum of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment or its "job" is called the species' a. primary productivity b. dispersion pattern c. habitat d. resource partitioning e. niche |
e. niche |
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Two poison arrow frog species have similar red and blue warning colors. This is an example of a. mullerian mimicry b. batesian mimicry c. cryptic coloration d. non of the above |
a. mullerian mimicry |
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A forest fire moves over the Palouse, killing the top layer of vegetation. What kind of succession would occur after the fire a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary |
b. secondary |
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A lichen contains algae and a fungus living together in direct contact for their entire lives. The algae provides sugar and nutrients to the fungus. The fungus provides water and protection to the algae. What kind of relationship is being demonstrated here? a. predation b. intraspecific competition c. interspecific competition d. parasitism e. mutualism |
e. mutualism |
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Which of the following is true energy flow in ecosystems? a. energy reaches most ecosystems on Earth in the form of sunlight b. most land plants use photosynthesis to create simple sugars from sunlight c. heterotrophs eat other living things to get their energy d. bacteria help recycle energy by decomposing dead organisms and returning energy to plants or other living things in the ecosystem e. sunlight must be replenished often with ecosystems |
d. bacteria help recycle energy by decomposing dead organisms and returning energy to plants or other living things in the ecosystem. |
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Which of the following is recycled within ecosystems? a. carbon b. nitrogen c. water d. phosphorus e. all of the above are recycled within ecosystems |
e. all of the above are recycled within ecosystems |
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One reason a food chain might stop at four or five tophic levels is because a. not enough sunlight reaches the Earth's surface b. on average 10% of all energy is lost at each trophic level c. on average 90% of all energy is lost at each trophic level d. it takes too long for the bacteria to recycle the energy form the top trophic levels e. none of the above |
c. on average 90% of all energy is lost at each trophic level |
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The biome that receives the largest annual rainfall (over 200 cm/year) and is found near the equator is called the a. savanna b. temperate deciduous forest c. coniferous forest (taiga) d. tropical rainforest e. chaparral |
d. tropical rainforest |
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One of the coldest biomes with low rainfall and permafrost is known as the a. tundra b. temperate grassland c. desert d. savanna e. chaparral |
a. tundra |
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Which of the following chemicals was traditionally said to be cycled 'locally' but has changed to be more of a global cycle due to movement of food and agricultural products all over the world? a. carbon b. phosphorus c. nitrogen d. water |
b. phosphorus |
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Lionfish are native to the coral reefs of the South Pacific and Indian Oceans. They are predators that are often bought for their beautiful stripes but eat everything in saltwater aquariums. Some aquarium owners regretting their purchases released their lionfish off the coast of Florida. Freed from competitors and predators in its native reefs, this fish has expanded its population rapidly and is having an extensive impact on the native fish species found in the Atlantic and Caribbean regions. This is an example of a. bioaccumulation b. pollution c. invasive/introduced species d. overexploitation e. eutrophication |
c. invasive/introduced species |
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The introduction of mercury into a freshwater lake allows bio-accumulation to occur. Which trophic level will be impacted the most or carry the highest chemical load of this toxin? a. primary producers b. primary consumers c. secondary consumers d. tertiary consumers e. in the cases of bioaaccumulation all trophic levels are equally impacted |
d. tertiary consumers |
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Excess soaps and fertilizers are allowed to runoff into freshwater lake. This causes a bloom of algae. As the algae decompose, oxygen is lost from the water column and all the zooplankton, fish and consumers die. This problem is an example of a. bioaccumulation b. global climate change c. invasive/ introduced species d. overexploitation e. eutrophication |
e. eutrophication |
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Ozone depletion is caused by a. the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere that trap heat near the Earth's surface b. fossil fuels being burned and gases like sulfur oxides being released into the atmosphere c. CFCs (chlorofluororcarbons) being released into the atmosphere d. the process of eutrophication e. all of the above |
c. CFCs (chlorofluororcarbons) being released into the atmosphere |
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A process in which organisms with certain traits survive better and reproduce more than organisms with other traits is called a. natural selection b. genetic drift c. gene flow d. bottleneck effect e. founder effect |
a. natural selection |
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Which of the following was not listed as a piece of evidence for evolution in class? a. comparing DNA sequences in different species b. studying learned behaviors in different species c. comparing anatomical structures between different organisms d. comparing embryological development between different organisms e. dating and comparing the sequence of fossils in the geological record over time |
b. studying learned behaviors in different species |
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All of the following are assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium except a. no gene flow b. no natural selection c. nonrandom mating d. a very large population e. no mutations |
c. nonrandom mating |
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Which mechanism of microevolution has been most affected by the increased ease of people traveling througout the world? a. gene flow b. natural selection c. random mating d. bottleneck effect |
a. gene flow |
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The ultimate source of all new genetic variation in a population is a. natural selection b. gene flow c. mutation d. nonrandom mating e. founder effects |
c. mutation |
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A group whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring is called a(n) a. community b. ecosystem c. organism d. species |
d. species |
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A horse is mated to a donkey and creates a sterile hybrid mule. What kind of reproductive barrier is exempkified by this myle that is sterile and cannot produce more of its own kind? a. prezygotic reproductive barrier b. postzygotic reproductive barrier c. allopatric reproductive barrier d. sympatic reproductive barrier |
b. postzygotic reproductive barrier |
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A geographic barrier like a canyon separates a population of ground squirrels into to groups for thousands of years. Many years later the two groups are brought together in a laboratory setting and no longer recognize each other as mates. This is an example of a. allopatric speciation b. sympatric speciation c. parapatric speciation d. gene flow e. bottleneck effect |
a. allopatric speciation |
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The Urey-Miller Experiment allowed scientists a. to create large trees from oxygen gas b. to create liposomes (pre-cells lipid boundaries) from mixing certain polymers c. to create a self-replicating DNA double-helix molecule from rocks d. to create a new prokaryote species from air e. to create simple monomers like amino acids from inorganic materials |
e. to create simple monomers like amino acids from inorganic materials |
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Which type of cell is thought to have evolved first and occurs first in the geologic fossil record about 3.8 BYA? a. plant cells b. animal cells c. fungal cells d. prokaryotic cells e. eukaryotic cells |
d. prokaryotic cells |
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This theory suggests that the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells probably evolved from symbiotic association between small prokaryotic cells living inside larger ones. This is known as the a. theory of natural selection b. theory of descent with modification c. theory of endosymbiosis d. cell theory e. uniformitarianism theory |
c. theory of endosymbiosis |
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The three domains of life include a. bacteria: archaea: protista b. bacteria: plants: animals c. eukarya: plants : animals d. plants: animals: fungi e. bacteria: archaea: eukarya |
e. bacteria: archaea: eukarya |
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Humans are made up of cells with true nuclei and organelles. These kinds of cells are known as a. eukaryotic cells b. prokaryotic cells |
a. eukaryotic cells |
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non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. |
Abiotic factors |
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is any living component that affects another organism, including animals that consume the organism in question, and the living food that the organism consumes. |
Biotic factors |
