Test #1

Front 1

microoganism

Back 1

most single-celled life forms can be seen only with the aid of a microscope

Front 2

prokaryote means

Back 2

"early" nucleus
bacteria & archaea

Front 3

describe a prokaryotic cell

Back 3

-lacks a true nucleus
-range in size 1-2 um in length
-has cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, enzymes, chromosomes
-may have glycocalyx
-pathogenic-disease causing
-flagella/cilia

Front 4

eukaryote means

Back 4

"true" nucleus
fungi, algae, & protozoa

Front 5

bacteria

Back 5

-prokaryote
-rigid cell walls
-shaped as spheres, rodes, or helices
-found everywhere (ubiguitous)

Front 6

how do bacteria multipy

Back 6

binary fission: cell divides into 2 daughter cells
-divide as quickly as 12-15 min
-assists in research studies because of rapid growth

Front 7

Virus

Back 7

-either DNA/ RNA as its nucleic acid
-covered by a coat called a capsid

Front 8

Viroids

Back 8

small RNA molecules that have the capacity to produce disease in plants

Front 9

Prions

Back 9

protein molecules studied as possible cause of disease in sheep->scrapie; cattle->mad cow disease

Front 10

Fungi

Back 10

eukaryote
-yeast, mold, mushrooms

Front 11

hyphae

Back 11

branch-like filaments in molds

Front 12

protozoa

Back 12

eukaryote
types: amoeba, paramecium, stentor, trichonympha

Front 13

where do protozoa thrive

Back 13

moist environments
-inhabit moist environments
-found in soil
-live in digestive tract of higher forms of life

Front 14

pathogen

Back 14

microorganism that is able to produce disease

Front 15

taxonomy

Back 15

used when referring to the science or classification

Front 16

algae

Back 16

-eukaryotic
-contain chlorophyll allowing them to carry out the process of photosynthesis

Front 17

Leeuwenhoek

Back 17

developed first microscope

Front 18

Pastuer

Back 18

worked on vaccinations & rabies

Front 19

Lister

Back 19

worked with phenol as a disinfectant

Front 20

Semmelweis

Back 20

handwashing importance

Front 21

Koch

Back 21

developed postulates that stated that a microorganism caused a disease

Front 22

Jenner

Back 22

discovered vaccine for smallpox

Front 23

Snow

Back 23

cholera found that it causes diaherrea
***** fix *****

Front 24

Panum

Back 24

investigated an outbreak of measles. deteremined that measles was contracted by contact with a person who had measles already and not spontaneously

Front 25

Fracastoro

Back 25

theorized that tiny imperceptibile particles "seeds of disease" spread from person to person

Front 26

fomites

Back 26

contaminated inanimate objects

Front 27

Fleming

Back 27

discovery of strong antibacterial properties produced by secretions of the mold Penicillium --- penicillin

Front 28

Germ Theory of Disease

Back 28

1. observations on the contagious nature of disease
2. experiments with vaccination or immunization
3. basic research on the nature of microorganisms

Front 29

kuru

Back 29

transmitted among people by cannibilism

Front 30

mad cow disease

Back 30

affecting CNS of adult cattle. caused by prion

Front 31

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease

Back 31

human version of mad cow. caused by eating beef products contaminated with CNS tissue from infected with mad cow disease

Front 32

scrapie

Back 32

affects nervous systems of sheep & goats. caused by prion

Front 33

gram positive

Back 33

1. Purple
2. Cytoplasmic membrane
3. Thick peptidoglycan layer

4. Capsule polysaccharides






5. If a flagellum is present, it contains two rings for support as opposed to four in Gram-negative bacteria because Gram-positive bacteria have only one membrane layer.
6. Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids are present, which serve to act as chelating agents, and also for certain types of adherence.

Front 34

gram negative

Back 34

1. Pink
2. Cytoplasmic membrane
3. Thin peptidoglycan layer (which is present in much higher levels in Gram-positive bacteria)
4. Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS, which consists of lipid A, core polysaccharide, and O antigen) outside the peptidoglycan layer
5. Porins exist in the outer membrane, which act like pores for particular molecules
6. There is a space between the layers of peptidoglycan and the secondary cell membrane called the periplasmic space
7. If present, flagella have four supporting rings instead of two



8. No teichoic acids or lipoteichoic acids are present
9. Lipoproteins are attached to the polysaccharide backbone whereas in Gram-positive bacteria no lipoproteins are present

Front 35

Ringworm of the scalp is caused by

Back 35

fungi

Front 36

pinworm

Back 36

HELMINTH WORM

Front 37

capsule around an organism

Back 37

glycocalyx

Front 38

a capsule makes an organism ______

Back 38

more resistant

Front 39

porin

Back 39

contributors that give off endotoxins
responsibile for symptoms of infections caused by gram-neg bacteria

Front 40

oppurtunistic organism

Back 40

anyone can get it

Front 41

carolus linnaeus

Back 41

discovered binomial nomenclature (Genus species)

Front 42

archaea

Back 42

primitive bacteria, closely related to eukaryotes

Front 43

archaea

Back 43

halophiles
thermoacidophiles
methanogens

Front 44

teichoic acid

Back 44

provide structural support for cell wall
polysaccharide molecules

Front 45

phospholipid

Back 45

important structural molecule in all biological membranes

Front 46

ribosomes

Back 46

protein synthesis

Front 47

DNA

Back 47

contains genetic info needed for bacterium

Front 48

endospore

Back 48

ensure the survival of bacterium through periods of environmental stress

Front 49

cytoplasm

Back 49

water matrix, facilitates activities