Test 1

Front 1

Prokaryote

Back 1

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle

Front 2

Eukaryote

Back 2

An organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane bound organelles

Front 3

Archaea vs Bacteria

Back 3

Both are prokaryotes. But, Bacteria cell walls contain a substance known as peptidoglycan while the cell walls of Archaea cells dont. Archaea is more complex and contains isoprene and bacteria doesnt.

Front 4

Autotroph vs. Heterotroph

Back 4

Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from substances available such as photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. Heterotrophs cannot synthesize their own food and rely on plants and animals for nutrition.

Front 5

Unicellular vs. Multicellular

Back 5

One cell vs multiple cells. Can't see unicellular with blind eye and multicellular you can.

Front 6

Biological organization

Back 6

Atoms, molecule, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism, population, community, species, ecosystem, biome, biosphere.

Front 7

Hydrolysis

Back 7

The chemical breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water.

Front 8

Denaturation

Back 8

The alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress such as applying heat, acid, or alkali.

Front 9

Chaperone proteins

Back 9

Families of proteins that play a vital role in the stabilization of unfolded proteins.

Front 10

Dehydration synthesis

Back 10

The formation of larger molecules from smaller reactants, accompanied by the loss of water.

Front 11

Concentration gradient

Back 11

An area of high concentration from an area of low concentration

Front 12

Hypotonic

Back 12

Describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell.

Front 13

Hypertonic

Back 13

Describes a solution in which extracellular fluid has higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell.

Front 14

Isotonic

Back 14

Describes a solution in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell.

Front 15

Osmolarity

Back 15

The total amount of substances dissolved in a specific amount of solution.

Front 16

Properties of water

Back 16

1. polar: hydrogen and oxygen molecules form covalent bonds.

2. stabilizes temperature

3. Excellent solvent

4. Water is cohesive(molecules attracted to each other)

Front 17

Cellulose

Back 17

A polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides support to the cell.

Front 18

Chitin

Back 18

A type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, insects, crustaceans, and cell walls of fungi

Front 19

Glycogen

Back 19

A storage carbohydrate in animals

Front 20

Cell theory

Back 20

The biological concept that states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life and the new cells arise from existing cells.

Front 21

Binary fission

Back 21

The cell division process of eukaryotes

Front 22

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Back 22

A variant of endocytosis that involves the use of specific binding proteins in the plasma membrane for specific molecules or particles.

Front 23

Phagocytosis

Back 23

A process that takes macromolecules that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid a variation of endocytosis.

Front 24

Pinocytosis

Back 24

A process that takes solute that the cell needs from the extracellular fluid: a variation of endocytosis.

Front 25

Hydrogenation

Back 25

To treat with hydrogen or combine with hydrogen