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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rock that is formed by weathering, erosion, deposition, and compaction
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sedimentary
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rock that is formed by cooling and solidification of a melt
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igneous
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rock that is formed by heat, pressure, and chemical activity
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metamorphic
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lithification
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the transformation of loose sediment into solid rock through compaction and cementation
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physical weathering
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Rocks are broken by mechanical processes to form smaller rock fragments or sand/silt sized grains.
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chemical weathering
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takes place on/near earths surface. Atmosphere/rain is acidic. These acids attack and corrode rocks (old tombstones show chemical weathering very well).
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natural cracks that form in rocks due to removal of overburden or due to cooling
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joints
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when water trapped in a crack freezes, it expands and causes the crack to open
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wedging by frost
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in arid climates, dissolved salt in groundwater precipitates and grows as crystals in open pore spaces in rocks. It then pushes apart grains and weakens the rock.
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salt wedging
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(tree/plant roots secrete acids and grow in small fractures in bedrock. With time, the plant roots grow in size, the increased size in root can break rocks.
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root wedging
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Rocks are heated by energy (light) from Sun. Rocks expand when heated, contract when cooled. Heat-cooling cycles weaken and break rock (Stone Mountain is the type locality)
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thermal expansion
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ls. Rain is slightly acidic due to ____ present in the atmosphere.
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CO2
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Halite dissolves completely in water
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dissolution
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Hydrolysis/Partial Solution
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reaction of water and minerals “loosens” parent materials (Kfeldspar) and forms kaolin clay (basis of GA Kaolin Industry).
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Oxidation
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Iron (Fe) is oxidized by removing electrons by reaction with water. Result is a red colored soil.•
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Hydration
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absorption water by clay or clay minerals (gypsum, mica) – incr. volume deforms/expands soils.
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What is the relation of surface area to weathering?
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As rock breaks apart due to physical weathering, the surface area increases relative to volume.
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What is the formula for surface area of a cube?
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6(a)2 |
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leaching
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(top, or top soil and organic uppermost layer). (O and A horizon
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subsoil
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soil (zone of accumulation, accumulated from leaching zone, B- horizon)•
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weathered rock or bedrock
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(weathered by soil solutions, C-horizon
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transition
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on (E horizon)may or may not be seen in most soi
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leaching
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chemical weathering produces loose debris, new minerals. then rainwater carries dissolved ions and clay flakes downward. takes place in top soil
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What process takes place in subsoil?
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accumulation
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Name soil types from thinnest to thickest
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desert, temperate, tropical
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Tropical soils are the thickest because the warm climate and heavy rainfall accelerates chemical weathering and allows for soils to be leached.
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How does climate affect soil?
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Slope steepness
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a thick soil can accumulate under land that lies flat. On a steep slope, weather rock may wash away before it can become a soil.
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Time
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Young soils tend to be thinner than old soils.
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What are the chemical weathering processes?
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Hydrolysis/Partial Solution, Absorption, Oxidation, Dissolution
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