Terry Take 2

Front 1

Factors that led to emergence of sociology

Back 1

Intellectual, Economic, Social, Political

Front 2

Marx:Intellectual

Back 2

-The Enlightenment
-The Counter-Enlightment
-Differentiation of Social Sciences within the University(history, economics, psychology, anthropology)

Front 3

Marx:Economic

Back 3

-Expansion of Commerce and Markets(Imperialism), Industrialization(machines, factories)

Front 4

Marx:Social

Back 4

-Urbanization(ppl moved to the city where factories were)
-Decline of Local Communities

Front 5

Marx:Political

Back 5

-Rise of bureaucratic nation states
-Decline in the power of the Church
-Feminism

Front 6

Marx's big idea-2 words

Back 6

Historical Materialism

Front 7

Auguste Comte-evolution of world views and societies

Back 7

All societies pass through 3 stages:
-Theological:under control of supernatural figures
-Meta:forces outside the world
-Scientific:based on principles we can observe and describe

-coined the term "sociology" the queen of sciences

Front 8

Harriet Matineau-what did she do?

Back 8

-Developed principles and methods of empirical social research
-Translated Comte from French to English
-Mother of Sociology

Front 9

Marx:Key bio points

Back 9

-feisty disposition
-frustrated academic career
-expelled from multiple cities
-from middle class to poverty
-later experienced success as author and leader of Euro worker's movement

Front 10

Marx:Meaning of Historical Materialism

Back 10

1)History progresses
2)Change is driven by conflicts related to production

Front 11

Marx vs. Hagel

Back 11

-Both believe conflict of ideas provides progress and production
-Marx thinks changes in production causes

Front 12

Marx:Social super structure

Back 12

All institutions of our society are there to serve the economy/material base, including religion and education

Front 13

Marx:View of globalization

Back 13

Spread of capitalism in an attempt to find raw materials and exploit markets

Front 14

Marx:View of family

Back 14

The bourgeoisie has reduced the family relation to a mere money relation

Front 15

Marx:Alienation of labor

Back 15

Workers don't like the stuff or the process of making the stuff, then they don't feel good about themselves, then they don't like anyone

Front 16

Marx:Commodification of Labor

Back 16

Depersonalizing and generalizing labor, moving away from hand labor

Front 17

Marx:View of urbanization

Back 17

The bourgeoisie has subjected the country to the rule of the cities...it has agglomerate populations, centralized means of production, and has concentrated property in a few hands

Front 18

Marx:Economic stages before capitalism

Back 18

Pre-capitalism(feudalism):the use(labor) expresses self and true human identity.
-Products have use value
-Personal relationship

Front 19

Marx:Economic stages after capitalism

Back 19

Communism
-Class consciousness
-Revolution
-Proletarian control over the means of production
-Alienation of labor

Front 20

Weber:Bio Facts

Back 20

-Upper middle class German
-Seems to have internalized the conflict btwn. his parents and was unhappy at home as an adult
-Very successful academic career
-Married Marianne who wrote brilliantly
-Lived well and spent lots of money
-Effected by bouts of depression in life

Front 21

Weber:What Drives Change

Back 21

He believes the conflict of ideas drives changes in material realities AND material conflicts drive changes in ideas

Front 22

Weber:Protestant Work Ethic

Back 22

-Worked as a duty to God
-World asceticism, doing things on earth but with a focus on heaven
-They made a lot of $$ but didn't think they should spend it on pleasurable things so wealth went back into business
-They became the owners

Front 23

Weber:Class consciousness

Back 23

A class will only take action under certain cultural conditions and if the class members recognize their economic situation and its consequences, therefore there is no guarantee that the proletariat will gain this and rise in revolt

Front 24

Weber:Proper way to conduct social science

Back 24

Marx wants to study real things, but Weber wants to study them subjectively

Front 25

Weber:Domination

Back 25

There are three forms of power and legitimate authority:
-Traditional
-Legal
-Charismatic

Front 26

Weber:Historical progress (Rationalization!)

Back 26

Capitalism causes us to focus on trying to attain the highest level of efficiency in everything.
-In organizations, rationality produces bureaucracy(organization)

Front 27

Durkheim:Functionalism definition

Back 27

The idea that society is like a living organism consisting of interdependent systems, each with specific functions

Front 28

Durkheim:Principles of Functionalism

Back 28

1)Society has a tendency toward equilibrium
2)For society to survive, certain functions must occur
3)Social institutions and practices exist because they provide those functions for the larger society. It is also called latent function.

Front 29

Durkheim:Functionalism Limitations

Back 29

1)It is teleological:the outcomes of social phenomenon are given as their causes, meaning it doesn't work to prove cause and effect
2)Because functionalism describes and explains them as they are, it isn't competent in:dealing with historical issues and dealing with conflict
3)It is too uncritical, too accepting of the status quo

Front 30

Durkheim:Mechanical solidarity

Back 30

Cohesion occurs because everyone is similar and shares common norms and behaviors
-Deals with traditional societies

Front 31

Durkheim:Organic solidarity

Back 31

Social order in modern societies
-Different specializations in work and social roles create interdependencies

Front 32

Durkheim:Social facts

Back 32

Individual actions are consequences of social facts. Social facts are factors external to the individual that exert influence on the individual.
Examples:Religion, competition

Front 33

Durkheim:Suicide

Back 33

Suicide is actually influenced by social facts, such as religious belief, nationalism, and family structure

Front 34

Durkheim:Types of suicide

Back 34

-Egoistic:When not integrated enough into groups
-Altruistic:Too tightly tied into group(cultish)
-Anomic:Not tied into loss of external beliefs or structured norms, not enough external restraints
-Fatalistic:Too many external restraints, no hope for future

Front 35

Durkheim:Field before sociology

Back 35

Philosophy

Front 36

Durkheim:Basic claim in Elementary Forms of Religious Life

Back 36

Attributes the development of religion to the emotional security attained through communal living

Front 37

Conflict Theory & Functionalism

Back 37

Both structuralists and have to deal with environment and how individuals shape society

Front 38

Cooley

Back 38

Taught at U of M his entire career

Front 39

Cooley: Looking Glass self

Back 39

1. Idea of other's perception
2. Idea of other's judgement
3. Self Feeling

Front 40

Cooley: Primary Groups

Back 40

Family, Playground, Neighborhood

Front 41

Mead Biological Facts

Back 41

1. Religious background
2. Influenced by Cooley and Dewey
3. Taught at UM then Chicago
4. Writers block, never published

Front 42

Mead Theoretical Ideas

Back 42

1. The social development of self
2. The self as Object
3. The "I" and the "Me"
4. Even thinking is social
5. I think before i act- Beyond Behaviorism and Structuralism

Front 43

The social development of the self

Back 43

Self arises in the child's social experience- using language and symbols
1. Imitation
2. Role Play
3. Games
4. "Generalized Other"

Front 44

The self as Object

Back 44

The self is reflexive. I can consider myself: look at myself as though i am an object. What i see when i view myself is adopted from the way others see me

Front 45

The "I" and the "Me"

Back 45

Provide balance.
"I" is the creative, impulsive part of self that changes the world around. (Id)
"Me" is the judgmental, controlling part of self that has been imprinted by the world around.(Superego)
"I"acts, "Me" constrains.

Front 46

Even Thinking is Social

Back 46

We think using symbols, words, language. We learn the meaning of symbols, words, and language from others. Therefore thinking is a socially trained skill

Front 47

I Think before I Act

Back 47

Behaviorism- individuals react to stimuli
Mead- Before acting, individuals consider the socially defined meaning of both the stimulus and their potential responses
"Gestures"- an action calling forth a response from another
"Significant Symbols"- gestures that have shared meaning for sender and receiver.

Front 48

Blumer Social Interaction

Back 48

People act towards things based on the meaning those things have for them. The meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interaction.

Front 49

Key differences between Symbolic Interaction and Traditional Sociology

Back 49

1. TS=individuals are media through which outside forces operate. SI= individuals have a self and are intentional
2. TS= Social behaviors are not constructed but reactions. SI=based on individuals interpretation of the situation.
3.TS= Social action is lodged in society or some unit of society. SI= Lodged in individual
4. TS= Societal organizations determine individual action. SI= Provide framework for action in a fix set of symbols
5. TS= Sociology is the study of structures and impact on actions. SI= Studying the process of interpretation by which people determine their actions