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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Terror motives |
FISE |
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Terror motive F |
Foreign: Hitler's lebensraum, must push unwilling population, protect from external threats |
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Motive I |
Ideological: integrally, regime born and maintained in terror. Just more ruthlessly and on larger scale than Lenin. Authoritarian to totalitarian |
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Motive S |
Stalin: 'sickly suspicious' reinforcement through elimination, wrecking revenge on old bols, Lenin's associates ensured sole heir. Thought acting for interest of rev? He alone knew. Securing position could carry out policies |
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Motive E |
Economic: push ind, put enemies of state to good use, mobilise masses, 'quicksand society' and resentment rife, deflecting these criticisms from leadership |
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Kirov assassination described as |
'Evidence of conspiracy against Soviet state' led to huge purge Leningrad party |
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Kirov background |
Opposed him over Ryutin affair, popular, wanted to slow industrialisation pace, secret ballot 1/4 against Stalin |
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Yezhovshchina |
1937-38 |
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Officers shot or reinstated |
23,000 |
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Economic impact |
Free labour (gulag empire impossible without, rapid developments of 1FYP impossible without coercion), Gosplan thrown into chaos |
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Chistka |
1932-35, 20% party expelled. Aimed to root out passive elements |
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Percentage of party who had lost cards 1935 |
22% |
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Percentage membership that had joined pre 1920 in 1939 |
Less 10% |
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1937 resolution condemning anti soviet elements |
250,000 |
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Conquest fatalities estimate |
20 million |
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1st show trial |
August 1936 (zk) |
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2nd show trial |
January 1937 |
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3rd show trial |
March 1938 (Buk, Yag, Ry) |
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State prosecutor during show trials |
Vyshinsky |
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Yezhov years 36-38 |
7 million arrested, 1 million executed |
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Politically strengthened :) |
Newer, wider range recruits, efficiency due to coercive tactics, Stalin's position authoritarian into totalitarian |
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Economically strengthened :) |
Gulags (eg baltic white sea canal) motivated workforce, WWII |
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Social :( |
Terror society, campaigns and propaganda to denounce saboteurs, torture, yezhozshchina, non soviet elements (scientists, artists) |
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Regional communists |
Wouldn't implement the central policies or push ind, unwilling to identify kulaks, too high targets, reluctant to get rid of specialists |
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Production figures began to level off late 30s meaning |
SCAPEGOATS |
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Ryutin Affair 1932 |
Circulated critical document, 'evil dictator of revolution' and urged his removal |
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17th party congress |
Split between members of Politburo and Stalin on direction of ind. Kirov v popular (regarded as eventual successor) in ballot confirming 1/4 against |
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Speeding up process of trying suspects and removal of appeal right |
December 1934 |
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Red terror |
Crushed enemies of Bolshevism |
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Conquest on Kirov affair |
Unleashed terror, turning point, excuse to implement |
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Yagoda accused of |
Kirov's murder |
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'Trotskyite' |
Label to persecute |
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Stalin on Yezhov |
'My blackberry' |
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Politically :( |
Siege mentality discouraged free flow of ideas and stifled talent |
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Economic :( |
Gosplan chaos, specialists purged during time of economic change |
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Fatalities 1936-39 |
10/15 million died (torture, gulag etc) |
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Percentage of officers reinstated |
30% |
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Membership decreased 34-39 |
36% |
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War commissars purged |
11 |
