Terms & Questions From Chapter 4 Of The Developing Person

Front 1

Name the period : The first 14 Days (2 weeks) of prenatal development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation.

Back 1

Germinal period.

Front 2

So tell me, what takes place during the Germinal period?

Back 2

-A cell mass develops from the zygote in the first few days.
-The blastocyst, now consisting of more cells, separates into two distinct masses after the first week.
-Outer cells form a "shell" that will become the placenta.
-Implantation might be achieved.

Front 3

What's a blastocyst?

Back 3

A cell mass that develops from the zygote in the first few days after conception.

Front 4

What's a placenta?

Back 4

The organ that surrounds the developing embryo and fetus, sustaining life via the umbilical cord. The placenta is attached to the wall of the pregnant woman's uterus.

Front 5

What is the process, beginning about 10 days after conception, in which the developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus, where it can be nourished and protected as it continues to develop.

Back 5

Implantation

Front 6

So tell me, what takes place during the Embryonic period?

Back 6

The stage of prenatal development from approximately the third through the eighth week after conception, during which the basic forms of all body structures, including internal organs, develop.

Front 7

What is an embryo?

Back 7

It is the former blastocyst that becomes a distinct being. The name for a developing human organism from about the third through the eighth week after conception.

Front 8

What is the first sign of human body structure?

Back 8

The first sign of a human body structure appears as a thin line called the primitive streak, down the middle of the embryo. The line becomes a neural tube 22 days after conception and eventually develops into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

Front 9

What happens between weeks 3-8?

Back 9

In week 4, the head begins to take shape, heart begins to pulsate. By the 5th week, arms and legs appear. By the 8th week, it weighs 1gram and physical features are now more visible.

Front 10

So tell me, what takes place during the Fetal period?

Back 10

The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conception until birth, during which the organs grow in size and mature in functioning.

Front 11

What is a fetus?

Back 11

The name for a developing human organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth. Sexless, smaller than the thumb.

Front 12

What happens in the fourth, fifth, and sixth months after conception?

Back 12

The heartbeat becomes stronger and the cardiovascular system becomes more active. Digestive and excretory systems develop. Fingernails, toenails, and buds for teeth form and so does hair.

Front 13

What happens between week 35-40?

Back 13

The brain, lungs, and heart makes the full-term, newborn ready for life.

Front 14

What are teratogens?

Back 14

They are agents and conditions, including viruses, drugs and chemicals, that can impair prenatal development and result in birth defects or even death.

Front 15

What are behavioral tetratogens?

Back 15

They are agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child's intellectual and emotional functioning.

Front 16

What is the critical period?

Back 16

Time in the early stages of an organism's life during which it displays a heightened sensitivity to certain environmental stimuli.

Front 17

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Back 17

A cluster of birth defects, including abnormal facial characteristics, slow physical growth, and retarded mental development, that may occur in the child of a woman who drinks alcohol while pregnant.

Front 18

What is a sonogram?

Back 18

A sonogram (ultrasound image of the fetus) is produced by using high-frequency sound waves to see if the fetus is developing normally.

Front 19

What is aomniocentesis?

Back 19

About half an ounce of the fluid inside the placenta is withdrawn at 16weeks. The cells are cultured and analyzed.

Front 20

How is HIV-AIDs transferred to the fetus?

Back 20

Through the mother. If the mother does not get treated for HIV-AIDs the fetus will get it and die.

Front 21

What is the Apgar Scale?

Back 21

The Apgar scale is a quick and widely used way for birth attendants to assess the baby's condition. The examiner checks five vital signs -- heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color and reflexes. Each are assigned of scored 0-2.

Front 22

A lack of oxygen that, if prolonged during birth, can cause brain damage or death to the baby is called...

Back 22

Anoxia, which literally means "no oxygen".

Front 23

What does the WHO (Wold Health Organization) define Low Birthweight (LBW) as?

Back 23

A body weight at birth of less than 5 1/2 pounds (2,500 grams).

Front 24

What is a preterm birth?

Back 24

A birth that occurs 3 or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy have elapsed -- that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception. Baby is usually LBW.

Front 25

What is the term for a baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception.

Back 25

Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

Front 26

What is postpartum depression (Baby Blues)?

Back 26

A new mother's feelings of inadequacy and sadness in the days and weeks after giving birth.

Front 27

What are the causes of postpartum depression?

Back 27

Some causes are : preexisting depression, financial stress or marital problems.

Front 28

What are the effects of smoking on the child?

Back 28

It increases risk of malformations of limbs and urinary tract, and may affect the baby's lungs.

Front 29

Should women use medicines when pregnant? Why or Why not?

Back 29

No, avoid all medicines, whether prescriptions or over-the-counter, during pregnancy unless they are approved by a medical professional who knows about the pregnancy and is aware of the most recent research.