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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 types of privacy invasion |
1. Intrusion upon seclusion or solitude 2. Public disclosure of embarrassing private facts 3. Publicity that places a person in false light 4. Misappropriation of a person's name or likeness for personal advantage |
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LA Times Incident |
Reporters were unaware that the LA Times had a big ass financial stake in the success of Staples Center -- compromised the credibility/objectivity of the reporting staff, who had done a big Sunday edition story on the opening. |
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Who are the primary social changers in any culture? |
Women |
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What are two imperatives that democracy demands that are compromised by "Daily Me's?" |
People have a right to information exposure from all sides, even those that they wouldn't have considered on their own. People have a right to a general consensus of common knowledge/experiences. |
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Two Criticisms of Kohlberg Moral Stages |
1. Gender bias against women 2. Not everyone can reach the upper stages |
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Modern Examples of Daily Me's |
Saudi Arabia women finally allowed to drive, but only without makeup, a man in car, and during daylight hours Standing Rock Rez vs ND Oil Pipeline from TX oil company owned by Trump -- ordered to reroute. Curriculum of some southern schools -- Civil War referred to as the war of northern aggression. Citizens United SC Ruling that spending $ on campaigns is free speech |
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What are the democratic downsides of Daily Me's |
Different viewpoints and freedom of speech are the lifeblood of democracy, but Daily Me's block us from the other side and create an echo chamber of views. |
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Daily Me |
publication created over 30 years ago by Nicholas Negroponte, head of MIT's media lab and an early internet guru. It curated personal news for him based on his preferences and browsing history. |
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Two Types of Moral Systems |
Rights Based Moral Development- centered around "I" and "me first" (MEN) Ethics of Care Moral Development- centered around "we" (WOMEN) |
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Pharmacy Example |
Exemplifies "Ethics of Care" model Man needs medicine for dying wife, pharmacist refuses; Should he steal it? OR should he build a relationship w pharmacist, with the goal of making him feel as though he is personally invested in the man and his wife? |
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Explain the relationship between moral and intellectual development. |
Occur hand-in-hand. One CAN be intelligent w/o morals. One CANNOT have morals w/o intelligence. Explains why mentally handicapped and children are typically left out of moral questioning. |
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Explain Piaget's Stages of Moral Development |
Egocentrism- children don't play by the rules, they do what is best for them individually, and look at the marbles as tactile objects rather than part of a game Heteronomy- children follow rules strictly, believe they are handed down from above, each player tries to win Autonomy- rules are internalized and understood to be part of the game rather than handed down, justify compromising rules to engage in fair play |
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What is the key accelerant of moral development? Give examples from semester. |
Conflict - the more you have, the more chances you have to morally develop. Examples- Standing Rock Rez, Falling Man photo, Facebook pulling Napalm Girl, etc. |
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Arab Spring |
Revolution spawned by social media in the ME in 2010; sparked by Tunisian fruit vendor who lit himself on fire in a townsquare to protest dictatorship Spread throughout ME incl. Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, toppling dictatorships Social media did poor job of rebuilding, however -- proves that it can get people behind a cause |
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What do citizen journalists lack? |
Fact checkers, gate keepers |
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How have journalists/citizen journalists changed over 200 years? |
Journalists are no longer all professionally trained; internet has allowed many a voice they didn't have before through websites, Youtube, blogs, and social. They may "information gather/deliver" but they neglect to put it into a historical/cultural/societal/political context for the viewer. |
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Three Reasons that Justify Anonymous Sources |
1. Protect source from emotional/physical harm 2. Protect privacy of victim (think children/crime victims) 3. Encourage discussion from large entities that would otherwise shy away from journalistic and hence public scrutiny (SC, Catholic Church, Military, etc.) |
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Washington Post Incident |
In 2009, salons were offered at the house of publisher Katharine Weymouth; for 25k you could rub shoulders, schmooze with lobbyists, WH officials, lawmakers and Post reporters. Canceled within days because it compromised objectivity of Post - they were taking money from the very people they were supposed to cover objectively. |
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Social Responsibility Theory of the Press and its flaw |
Developed in 1940s by Hutchins Commission, funded by Henry Luce (Times magazine founder) -- envisioned a public that received news that was relevant and critical to getting along in democratic society -- ignored modern media economics. |
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Five Functions of media in society, as ID'd by Hutchins Commission |
1. Provide truthful/comprehensive/intelligent account of day's events with context 2. Serve as a forum of exchange of comment/criticism 3. Provide representative picture of groups in society 4. Present and clarify goals/values of society 5. Provide citizens with full access to day's intelligence |
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Media Consolidation |
Post-1940s media consolidated and concentrated so that more and more news sources controlled by fewer and fewer, corporately minded hands. Profits take importance over the consumer They become so large that we must question how they can objectively cover issues that they might clearly have stakes in. |
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Hyper-Competition |
Supply far exceeds demand, so much information is readily available online Results- markets fragment, decreasing profits/content, labor force cuts, compromising of journalistic ethics |
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Stakeholders vs. Stockholders |
Stockholder based model- profits/increased share price of the company are above all Stakeholder based model- the citizens and community are at the center, encourages company to measure success in other ways besides profit |
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Grameen Bank |
Bank started by Muhammed Yunnus, who gave out micro loans to some of the poorest women in the world in Bangladesh, if they had good ideas. Brought families out of poverty. 98% of loans were paid back, still operating today, won 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. |
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How did Saints incident show implications of privacy? |
It conflicted Gleason's right to privacy/keeping information withheld (he was trying to maintain trust with Saints, who had let him do documentary) VS the public's right to know/safety of NFL players |
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How have the courts typically viewed libel vs right to privacy? |
They rule in favor of reputation over privacy. |
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What is the difference between secrecy and privacy? |
Secrecy- intentionally blocking information to prevent others from learning or revealing it to the public. Privacy- determining who gets access to information |
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Dietemann vs. Time |
Life magazine reporters used deception and lies to enter house of Dietemann in California in order to expose him as a quack doctor. Courts ruled in favor of Dietemann on account of his right to reasonable privacy in his own home. |
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Circles of Intimacy |
You You + One Other You + Close Friends You + Casual Acquaintances Public |
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Discretion -- Bok definition |
the intuitive ability to discern what is and is not intrusive and injurious |
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Right to Know |
Legal right to know encompasses a journalist's right to information that is publicly available (court documents, public records etc.) |
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Need to Know |
Not a legal right, more of a moral crusade. A tenacious and responsible journalist will fight to reveal info. he/she feels is in the public's realm of "need" in order to go about their lives in democracy. Most ethically compelling. |
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Want to Know |
least ethically compelling Encompasses info. that the public has an interest in knowing, but no need and certainly no right to know (gossip, etc.) |
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Veil of Ignorance and Rawl's Theory of Distributive Justice |
Justice should be equated with fairness. To achieve fairness, use Veil of Ignorance- Any person involved in ethical dilemma must begin from original position, where they are stripped of all status and knowledge of others' statuses Now they are willing to consider pros and cons free of bias; consensus not required- reflective equilibrium |
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What two values emerge when people deliberate behind veil of ignorance? |
Individual liberty is maximized. Weaker parties will be protected. |
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Summarize, in one sentence, Chapter 6 (Harlan, Kentucky). |
Geography can spawn a culture of agression and violence that spans generations. |
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Describe Harlan, Kentucky. |
Appalachian backwoods region, originally settled by Irish and Scottish brutes. They shepherded instead of farmed the rocky landscape. Communities are isolated and poor. CULTURE OF HONOR |
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Turners vs. Howards |
Like the Hatfields and McCoys, they were two families that hated each other in Harlan, Kentucky. They basically started murdering each other over some petty stuff. |
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Herders vs Farmers |
Herders are isolated, farmers work as a community. Herders can have their livelihood stolen, they must be aggressive, defensive, not weak. Man's reputation is center of self-worth. |
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University of Michigan Study |
Tested reactions of young men to being called an a-hole in a crowded hallway. They measured testosterone levels, behavior, saliva, asked their opinions on a story about Steve and Jill at a party. Results- Men from the North treated incident with amusement, those from South got angry. |
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Concisely describe the KAL safety record between 1988-2000. |
They lost planes due to an accident during flight 17 times more often than United Airlines. They had so many crashes, incidents that major airlines suspended partnerships, downgraded safety ratings. |
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Concisely describe its safety record since 2000. |
They totally turned it around. Spotless record since 1999. Award-winning and as safe as any airline in the world. |
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What is Korea's "cultural legacy"? Relate it to the safety turn-around. |
Communication is receiver-oriented, emphasizing the listener. Their language is very much concerned with respecting authority, speaking in turn and sharply defined by the levels of hierarchy present. HIGH PDI. An outsider from Delta Airlines came and changed their training programs. They were required to speak in English at all times, freeing them from the formal constraints of their culture. They taught them Western style that emphasized everyone in the cockpit taking part & speaking up. |
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Concisely describe the Columbian airliner crash in mid-1980s. |
Bad weather, Columbian flight crew, tired pilot, had to deal with NY ATC, silent/passive first officer used mitigated speech, running out of fuel Abort first landing, "show me the runway," 16 miles away and the engine flames out and they crash |
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Why did the Sri Lankan pilot force land his heavy plane in Helsinki? |
Woman having a stroke and it was the closest airport. |
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What was the single most important thing he did that enabled him to pull off this tricky landing? |
Communicated- commands, encourages, cajoles, negotiated, sharing information, asking questions all in the most clear and transparent manner possible. |
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What is "mitigated speech"? Be able to provide a concrete example. |
Any attempt to downplay or sugarcoat meaning. Example: "If it is too much trouble, don't bother, but if you get a chance to look at this over the weekend, that would be awesome." INSTEAD of "I'll need this by Monday." |
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Why do planes often have been safety records when less-experienced pilots are flying them? |
Because the 2nd pilot wont be afraid to speak up. |
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What is the Power Distance Index? Is America's high or low - and what accounts for its ranking? |
How much a particular culture values and respects authority. Countries with low PDI (like the US), leaders try to downplay their power/seem informal while those under them aren't afraid to speak up. |
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What was the SINGLE biggest change that turned around KAL's safety record? |
They switched to English and a Western-styled cockpit. |
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What is the connection - the thematic thread - linking KAL and Harlan, Kentucky? |
Culture of Legacies have a real impact, ie. the way your culture is impacts who you are and how you act. |
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What is the biggest conflict in contemporary journalism? |
Profit vs Public Service/Informing Readers |
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Joe Klein Article |
50s media was horizontal- people gathered together to watch and connect. 90s media was vertical- cable made people pick individual vertical silos that became echo chambers of their opinion --> fragmentation of media audience |
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Explain difference in US and Chinese # systems |
Eastern is concise, efficient and easy to memorize (4 year old American can count to 15, 4 year old Chinese can count to 40) You can say numbers in 1/4 sec compared to 1/3 second THE LOGIC AND EFFICIENCY IS PRODUCT OF CHINESE CULTURAL LEGACY. |
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Compare US farming to rice paddies |
Rice paddies are far more labor intensive- many variables, painstaking, precise, detailed, year-round affair, family oriented US farming requires more land, less work, mechanically oriented |
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What is the epigraph of Chapter 8, Rice Paddies and Math Tests? |
No one who can rise before dawn 360 days a year fails to make his family rich. |
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What is redeeming quality of rice paddies? |
It is meaningful and autonomous, much like ancestors of Joe Flum. |
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Russian proverbs vs. Chinese proverbs |
Russian- If God doesn't help, the earth won't bring. IT ALL COMES FROM GOD. Chinese- If I as a farmer do not help myself, the earth won't bring. HARD WORK PAYS OFF. |
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Describe Berkley Math Professor's Story |
He watched a student take 22 min to figure out a problem that most would have given up on in a few minutes. Finally she got the concept and it meant something to her. Math is about persistence/attitude, not intelligence/ability. |
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TIMMSS |
compared educational achievement of one country with another. Very tedious, time-consuming questionnaire comes before test. The more questions they got on questionnaire, the higher the country's math score. |
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What did reading scores in Baltimore tell us? |
Summer is when poor students lose ground bc they don't have opportunities to learn at home. MORE SCHOOL = SUCCESSFUL STUDENTS |
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Last sentence of Chapter 9 Marita's Bargain. |
Marita just needed a chance. Someone brought a little bit of the rice paddy to the South Bronx and explained to her the miracle of meaningful work. |
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What were Bullard's hard and fast rules on anonymity? |
Have a top 2 editor sign off, have another source to back it up, Provide name and why they want anonymity |
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Why should you try to avoid using anonymity? When is it okay? |
Lose credibility- trust is already at all-time low Sources know they're off the hook- may make up information If it's an important enough story/someone is in danger |
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When is it okay to doctor a photo? |
Only when it is done to make it look more like it did in real life. If it's not what it really looked like, it's a lie. |
