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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A jelly-like slab used to separate molecules on the basis of molecular weight.
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agarose gel
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Nonsex chromosomes. There are 22 pairs in humans.
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autosomes
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An individual who is heterozygous for a trait for which the homozygous recessive genotype is expressed as a disease state. An individual who is heterozygous for a recessive disease allele.
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carrier
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Refers to a trait for which the heterozygous condition results in a phenotypic expression of both alleles. An example is the ABO blood system, where the genotype AB produces the phenotype AB, and neither A nor B is dominant over the other.
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codominance
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(1) In proteins, the process where proteins unravel and change their native shape, thus losing their biological activity. (2) For DNA, the breaking of hydrogen bonds between the two strands of the double- stranded DNA helix, resulting in single-stranded DNA.
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denatured
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Genetic identification technique that takes advantage of differences in DNA sequences between all people other than identical twins.
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DNA fingerprinting
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The separation of biological molecules on the basis of their size and charge by measuring their rate of movement through an electric field.
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gel electrophoresis
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One of several rare genetic disorders that prevent normal blood clotting. Most types are caused by a disorder involving a sex-linked recessive gene and therefore occur more commonly in males.
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hemophilia
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A type of inheritance where a heterozygote genotype is expressed as a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygote genotypes.
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incomplete dominance
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A gene for which there are more than two alleles in the population.
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multiple allelism
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Family tree that follows the inheritance of a genetic trait for many generations.
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pedigree
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The ratio of phenotypes in a particular hybrid cross.
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phenotypic ratio
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The ability of one gene to affect many different traits.
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pleiotropy
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A laboratory technique that allows the production of many identical DNA molecules.
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polymerase chain reaction
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Either of the sex-determining chromosomes (X or Y).
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sex chromosome
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Determining the biological sex of an offspring. Humans have a chromosomal mechanism of sex determination in which two X chromosomes produce a female, and an X and a Y chromosome produce a male.
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sex determination
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Any of the genes found on the X or Y sex chromosomes.
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sex-linked gene
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A catalytic enzyme that can withstand high temperatures and is used in polymerase chain reactions.
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Taq polymerase
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Any of the genes located on the X chromosome.
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X-linked gene
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Any of the genes located on the Y chromosome.
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Y-linked gene
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