Terms For Lecture 10 Human Biology

Front 1

Sacs inside lungs which make up the respiratory surface in land vertebrates (including humans) and some fish.

Back 1

alveoli (singular: alveolus)

Front 2

A transient involuntary stoppage of normal breathing.

Back 2

apnea

Front 3

A respiratory disease characterized by spasmodic constriction of the air passages in the lungs and overproduction of mucus. Often triggered by air contaminants.

Back 3

asthma

Front 4

One of the two channels (left and right) that allows air or fluid to pass from inner ear into the nasal cavity. Also known as the auditory tube.

Back 4

auditory tube

Front 5

One of the smaller branching air passageways inside the lungs.

Back 5

bronchiole

Front 6

Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs.

Back 6

bronchitis

Front 7

The large air passageway from the trachea into a lung.

Back 7

bronchus

Front 8

Lung disease, typically consisting of emphysema and chronic bronchitis, that results in labored breathing and poor gas exchange.

Back 8

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Front 9

The large, domed skeletal muscle which separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. Contraction of this muscle helps draw air into the lungs.

Back 9

diaphragm

Front 10

A lung disease caused by the breakdown of alveoli walls; characterized by shortness of breath and an expanded chest cavity.

Back 10

emphysema

Front 11

The tobacco smoke in the air that results from smoldering tobacco on the lit ends of cigarettes and pipes as well as the smoke exhaled by active smokers.

Back 11

environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)

Front 12

One of the two channels (left and right) that allows air or fluid to pass from inner ear into the nasal cavity. Also known as the auditory tube.

Back 12

Eustachian tube

Front 13

The release of air from the lungs. Also called expiration.

Back 13

exhalation

Front 14

The release of air from the lungs. Also called exhalation.

Back 14

expiration

Front 15

Exchange of gases between the environment and the blood in the capillary beds of the lungs.

Back 15

external respiration

Front 16

The pressure exerted by a volume of gas.

Back 16

gas pressure

Front 17

The act of drawing in air. Also called inspiration.

Back 17

inhalation

Front 18

The act of drawing in air. Also called inhalation.

Back 18

inspiration

Front 19

Muscles between the ribs which, when contracted, help change the size of the thoracic cavity.

Back 19

intercostal muscles

Front 20

Gas exchange between the capillaries of the systemic circuit and the cells of body tissues and organs.

Back 20

internal respiration

Front 21

Inflammation of the larynx, often resulting in changed characteristics of the voice.

Back 21

laryngitis

Front 22

A portion of the upper respiratory tract made up primarily of stiff cartilage. Also known as the "voice box."

Back 22

larynx

Front 23

The portion of the respiratory tract that includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli.

Back 23

lower respiratory tract

Front 24

The primary organ of the respiratory system; the site where gas exchange occurs.

Back 24

lungs

Front 25

The opening through which food is taken into the oral cavity.

Back 25

mouth

Front 26

Cavity behind the nose and extending from the floor of the brain case to the roof of the mouth. Provides a passage for air from the nares (nostrils) to the pharynx.

Back 26

nasal cavity

Front 27

The part of the face containing the nostrils and including the olfactory bulb. What you use to sniff things.

Back 27

nose

Front 28

Infection of the middle ear.

Back 28

otitis media

Front 29

The pressure exerted by a single gas in a mixture of gases. A measure of the gas’s concentration in the mixture.

Back 29

partial pressure

Front 30

Tiny airborne particles found in smoke and other pollutants.

Back 30

particulates

Front 31

The portion of the digestive tube which connects the mouth to the esophagus; commonly called the throat. Provides passage for both air and food.

Back 31

pharynx

Front 32

One of the three types of serous membrane, this is one of two double walled sacs that cover the lungs.

Back 32

pleural membrane

Front 33

Inflammation of the lungs.

Back 33

pneumonia

Front 34

The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation.

Back 34

residual volume

Front 35

Area of the brain stem that regulates breathing rate.

Back 35

respiratory center

Front 36

Surface across which the body exchanges gas with the air. In humans, the lining of the alveoli of the lungs.

Back 36

respiratory surface

Front 37

The organ system involved in gas exchange between an animal and its environment. In humans, the lungs and air passages.

Back 37

respiratory system

Front 38

A wall that divides a chamber. In the nose, the membrane between two halves of the nasal cavity.

Back 38

septum

Front 39

An air-filled cavity or recess in a bone. The most common reference is to air-filled cavities in certain skull bones which have connections to the nasal cavity.

Back 39

sinus

Front 40

Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal sinuses.

Back 40

sinusitis

Front 41

In the lungs, a slippery substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing them from collapsing.

Back 41

surfactant

Front 42

The amount of air that is exchanged with the environment during each breath.

Back 42

tidal volume

Front 43

Inflammation of the tonsils.

Back 43

tonsillitis

Front 44

Air passage from upper respiratory system into lower respiratory system. Also called "windpipe."

Back 44

trachea

Front 45

The portion of the respiratory tract that includes the nose, nasal cavities, and pharynx (throat).

Back 45

upper respiratory tract

Front 46

Breathing; inhalation and exhalation. Exchange of air with the environment.

Back 46

ventilation

Front 47

Amount of air that can be exchanged with the environment during the deepest possible breath.

Back 47

vital capacity

Front 48

Cartilaginous strings in the larynx that vibrate to produce vocal sounds.

Back 48

vocal cords