Terms For Lecture 09 Human Biology

Front 1

A bulge in a blood vessel caused by a weakened vessel wall.

Back 1

aneurysm

Front 2

Chest pain, typically caused by coronary artery disease.

Back 2

angina

Front 3

A surgical procedure in which a small balloon is inflated inside a coronary artery in order to flatten atherosclerotic plaques that are restricting blood flow.

Back 3

angioplasty

Front 4

The major blood vessel emerging from the left ventricle of the heart; delivers oxygenated blood to the systemic arteries.

Back 4

aorta

Front 5

Variation in the normal heart rate.

Back 5

arrhythmia

Front 6

Small blood vessel that carries blood away from the arteries toward capillary beds.

Back 6

arteriole

Front 7

Blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to body tissues or the lungs.

Back 7

artery

Front 8

A pump that replicates the blood-propelling functions of the heart.

Back 8

artificial heart

Front 9

Electronic device implanted in the chest that provides a regular series of electrical impulses, maintaining heart rhythm.

Back 9

artificial pacemaker

Front 10

Accumulation of fatty deposits within blood vessels; hardening of the arteries.

Back 10

atherosclerosis

Front 11

Structure in the heart that transfers the electrical signal, after a slight delay, from the atria to the ventricles.

Back 11

atrioventricular (AV) node

Front 12

One of the two (left and right) heart valves located between the atria and the ventricles.

Back 12

atrioventricular (AV) valve

Front 13

An upper chamber of the heart which receives blood from the body or lungs and pumps it to a ventricle.

Back 13

atrium

Front 14

The force of the blood against arterial walls as it travels through the arteries; partially determined by artery diameter and elasticity.

Back 14

blood pressure

Front 15

Any one of a number of tubular structures that carry blood in the vascular system throughout the body; arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Back 15

blood vessel

Front 16

The smallest blood vessel of the cardiovascular system, connecting arteries to veins and allowing material exchange across their thin walls

Back 16

capillary

Front 17

A branching network of capillaries supplying a particular organ or region of the body.

Back 17

capillary bed

Front 18

The sudden cessation of normal heart rhythm.

Back 18

cardiac arrest

Front 19

The cycle of contraction and relaxation that a normally functioning heart undergoes over the course of a single heartbeat.

Back 19

cardiac cycle

Front 20

Blood vessels that drain blood from the heart tissues directly into the right atrium

Back 20

cardiac veins

Front 21

A technique that involves chest compression and mouth-to-mouth ventilation as an emergency replacement for normal heart and lung function

Back 21

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

Front 22

The organ system made up of the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels, including arteries, capillaries, and veins

Back 22

cardiovascular system

Front 23

Blood vessels that supply blood from the aorta to the heart muscle

Back 23

coronary arteries

Front 24

Surgery that replaces the function of clogged coronary arteries by suturing healthy blood vessels to the artery, bypassing the narrowed region

Back 24

coronary bypass surgery

Front 25

Disease that results from the dysfunction of coronary arteries, typically caused by vessel narrowing as a result of atherosclerosis

Back 25

coronary heart disease (CHD)

Front 26

A device that delivers a shock to the heart, with the intent of placing the heart back into normal rhythm

Back 26

defibrillator

Front 27

The stage of the cardiac cycle when the heart relaxes and fills with blood

Back 27

diastole

Front 28

The lowest blood pressure in the arteries, occurring during diastole of the cardiac cycle

Back 28

diastolic pressure

Front 29

A trace of the electrical activity of the heart, measured by changes in voltage of the skin

Back 29

electrocardiogram (ECG)

Front 30

Uncoordinated contractions in the heart

Back 30

fibrillation

Front 31

The muscular organ that pumps blood via the vascular system to the lungs and body

Back 31

heart

Front 32

An acute condition during which blood flow is blocked to a portion of the heart muscle, causing part of the muscle to be damaged or die

Back 32

heart attack

Front 33

A condition in which the heart fails to adequately pump blood to the tissues

Back 33

heart failure

Front 34

An abnormal sound of the heart which typically indicates heart valve malfunction

Back 34

heart murmur

Front 35

The blood vessels that carry blood from capillaries surrounding the digestive organs through a vein and into a capillary bed in the liver

Back 35

hepatic portal system

Front 36

High blood pressure

Back 36

hypertension

Front 37

Major vein returning blood from the lower extremities and abdominal cavity to the right atrium of the heart

Back 37

inferior vena cava

Front 38

A clear fluid that contains white blood cells and drains from the body tissues into the lymph ducts

Back 38

lymph

Front 39

Open-ended vessels that collect lymph from the body tissues and return it to the bloodstream

Back 39

lymph ducts

Front 40

A system of vessels and nodes that return fluid and protein to the blood

Back 40

lymphatic system

Front 41

Damage to or death of heart tissue resulting from cutoff of blood flow to the heart. Also known as heart attack

Back 41

myocardial infarction

Front 42

The muscle of the heart

Back 42

myocardium

Front 43

The double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart.

Back 43

pericardium

Front 44

Bands of muscles surrounding capillaries at the arteriole end of a capillary bed and which, when contracted, cut off blood flow to the bed

Back 44

precapillary sphincters

Front 45

Vessel that delivers deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Back 45

pulmonary artery

Front 46

The path of blood through vessels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart; one of the two parts of the double circulation of the cardiovascular system

Back 46

pulmonary circuit

Front 47

Vessels that deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Back 47

pulmonary veins

Front 48

The volume of blood that passes into the arteries as a result of the heart’s contraction

Back 48

pulse

Front 49

The mechanism that draws blood in the veins toward the heart as a result of pressure differences in the thoracic cavity caused by respiration

Back 49

respiratory pump

Front 50

Heart valves controlling blood flow from the ventricles into blood vessels leading away from the heart

Back 50

semilunar valves

Front 51

Region of the heart muscle that generates an electrical signal which controls heart rate. The natural pacemaker of the heart.

Back 51

sinoatrial (SA) node

Front 52

Device that measures blood pressure, also known as a blood pressure cuff

Back 52

sphygmomanometer

Front 53

Acute condition caused by an interruption of blood flow to an organ or other region of the body; can be caused by a blood clot or by hemorrhage (bleeding).

Back 53

stroke

Front 54

Vessel that collects blood draining from the head and upper extremities and returns it to the right atrium of the heart

Back 54

superior vena cava

Front 55

The path of blood through vessels from the heart, through the capillary beds of all the body's tissues and organs, and back to the heart; one of the two parts of the double circulation of the cardiovascular system

Back 55

systemic circuit

Front 56

Portion of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting, forcing blood into arteries

Back 56

systole

Front 57

Force of blood on artery walls when the ventricles are contracting. Highest blood pressure in arteries

Back 57

systolic pressure

Front 58

Vessels that carry blood from the body tissues back to the heart.

Back 58

veins

Front 59

(1) In cardiovascular anatomy, one of the lower chambers of the heart that pumps blood from the heart to the lungs or to the systemic circulation(2) In the brain, any of the fluid-filled connecting cavities that lie more or less in the center of the brain.

Back 59

ventricle

Front 60

Small blood vessels that carry blood from capillary beds to veins.

Back 60

venules