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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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95 Theses
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-95 arguments against indulgences
-no basis in the Bible -Popes have no power to release souls from Purgatory -posted on doors of Wittenberg's All Saints Church |
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Anglican
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-Catholic/Protestant mix in England
-started by Henry VIII -church headed by the monarch |
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Aqueduct
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-carries water from the countryside to the city
-example of Roman engineering |
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Baroque
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-Grand, complex, huge, colorful, full of excitement
-often glorified historic battles or lives of saints -Louis XIV |
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Black Death
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killed 1/3 of world's population
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Byzantine
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-Eastern half of Roman Empire
-survived 1000 years after the fall of Rome -defeated by the Muslim Turks |
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Calvinism
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-Lutheranism+Predestination
-Geneva, France, Denmark, Scotland, New England, Americas -Hugeunots, Presbytarians, Puritans, Congregationalists |
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Capitalism
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-Economic system based on investors owning stock in ventures that will yield dividends
-extraction/ production/ distribution is managed by private companies operating for profit |
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Cartesian Coordinates
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(x,y)
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Cartesian Dualism
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The argument that it is possible for body and soul to coexist
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Cavalier
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-supported the king (Royalists)
-"on horseback", long hair -Catholics -nobility/major landholders |
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Clergy
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a group ordained to perform pastoral or sacerdotal functions in a Christian church
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Columbian exchange
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Gains:
Europe-tomatoes, pumpkins, peppers, potatoes, corn, Americas-wheat, grapes, (bananas, sugar cane), pigs, goats, chickens, horses, donkeys, guns |
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Council of Trent
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-1545 for 20 years
-reaffirmed Catholic values (salvation through faith/good works, Bible not the only source) -helped to end abuses of the church -educated and penalized worldliness |
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Counter-Reformation
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-Pope Paul III
-1530s/40s -attempt to revive Catholic authority |
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Diet of Worms
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-Martin Luther was ordered to recant his writings
-1521 |
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Divine Right
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-argument that a monarch has been chosen by God and therefore has absolute power
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English Civil War
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-1642 to 1649
-Cavaliers vs Roundheads -Roundheads succeed with the leadership of Oliver Cromwell -King is tried and executed |
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Entrepreneur
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organizes, manages, and assumes risks of doing business
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Establishment
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a unified church and state
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Excommunication
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cutting off of the seven sacraments
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Feudalism
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A political system in which the serfs pledge themselves to the king in return for land and protection
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Flanders
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-France Belgium, Netherlands
-began the Renaissance -Albrecht Durer, Jan/Hubert van Eyck, Peter Bruegel, Peter Paul Rubens |
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Flying Buttress
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external, arched support
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Gentry
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tenants of country estates
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Ghetto
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Low quality section of a city in which Jews were forced to live
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Glorious Revolution
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-James II restored Catholic influences
-William III of Orange, Denmark came with army in 1689 and James II fled |
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Grand Jury
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A group of men sworn to truth that decided which cases would be brought to trial
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Guild
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Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interest
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Habeas Corpus
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-Right to know reason for imprisonment
-English Bill of Rights |
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Heliocentric
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Belief that the heavens revolve around the sun
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Hellenistic
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-under Alexander the Great
-blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian culture that produced of flourishing of art, science, math, and philosophy |
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Huguenots
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French Calvinists
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Humanism
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the interest in worldly subjects
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Indulgence
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pardon sold by the church that reduces one's time in Purgatory
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Jesuits
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-combated heresy and spread Catholic belief
-started by Ignatius of Loyola |
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Joint Stock Company
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allowed pools of money to be raised for overseas adventures
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Laissez-Faire
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-"Let it be"
-completely unregulated capitalism |
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Manorialism
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Economic System based on a self sufficient manor
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Medici Family
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-Influential merchant family of Florence during the Renaissance
-patron of the arts |
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Mercantilism
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-nation's wealth based on gold and silver supply
-exports must exceed imports -colonies serve parent countries by providing resources and serving as a market for manufactured goods |
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Natural Rights
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-life, liberty, and property
-John Locke |
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Partition of Poland
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-Russia, Prussia, and Austria each attack Poland and take a third of it
-1772 |
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Patron
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A person or group that funds artistic works
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Perspective
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artistic technique used to give paintings a 3D effect by making farther objects smaller and closer objects bigger
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Predestination
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The belief that your fate in the afterlife has been chosen since the moment you were born
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Primogeniture
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1st born son inherits all property and wealth
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Protestant Wind
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The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588
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Puritans
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Calvinists who moved to America to escape religious prosecution in England
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Roundhead
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-country gentry, urban manufacturers, Puritan clergy
-supported Parliament -Puritan |
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Scientific Method
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-State problem, gather information, hypothesize, experiment, record/analyze, conclude
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Separation of Power
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Proposed by Montesquieu when he misunderstood the structure of the British government
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Serf
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a servant bound to the land that his master has given him in return for protection
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Seven Sacrements
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-Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, Matrimony
-required by the Catholic church to achieve salvation |
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Social Contract
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an agreement by which humans give up their state of nature to enter an organized society
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Socratic Method
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Teaching through proposing thought-provoking questions
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Thesis
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A personal stance that generally could be debated
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Transubstantiation
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bread and wine-body and blood of Christ
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Vernacular
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common language of the people
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