Terms For East 101 Exam 1

Front 1

Age of the Three Sovereigns and Three Sage Kings

Back 1

mythical period, dates not exactly true

Front 2

Xia

Back 2

we have no written records from this period

Front 3

Shang

Back 3

known for bronze objects, tripod-like

Front 4

Western Zhou

Back 4

"Golden Age" as seen by people like Confucious, Zhou rulers have power

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Eastern Zhou

Back 5

Zhou rulers no longer have power

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Spring and Autumn Period

Back 6

*

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Warring States Period

Back 7

end of the Eastern Zhou period, continual warfare to see who would emerge to unify the states

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Qin

Back 8

state that unified the region after the Warring States Period - its ruler built the Great Wall, Terrcotta Warriors, and standardized the system of measurements

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Western Han

Back 9

*

Front 10

shi

Back 10

scribe, someone who records history and astronomy and interprets omens

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jishi

Back 11

recording events

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jiyan

Back 12

recording words

Front 13

oracle bones

Back 13

first form of writing, emphasis on ruler

Front 14

bronze inscriptions

Back 14

another way of memoralizing noble achievements; 1) king gives a gift 2) receivers thank the king and preserve inscription (?)

Front 15

Shujing

Back 15

The Classic of Documents, the earliest and most authoritative history in East Asia; mostly a record of speech, announcements, etc; minimal context; emphasis on ruler; early years of Zhou dynasty; Confucious selected and arranged what we see today

Front 16

Qunqui

Back 16

Spring and Autumn Annals; one of the Five Classics; Confucious collected and arranged this, too; a year-by-year account of history

Front 17

Zuozhuan

Back 17

the bible of Chinese literature, very classic, influential; one of three commentaries from Spring and Autumn Annals

Front 18

paratactic

Back 18

clauses of sentence are presented one after another with no relationship between them; reader must fill in the gaps and figure out the relationships

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li

Back 19

ritual property - used rhetoric to appeal to what is appropriate <- li

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junzi

Back 20

princely man, guy who comments on one's life after it ends

Front 21

shjii

Back 21

Records of the Historian by Sima Qian - this becomes THE model for recording history; written during Han dynasty; intended as comprehensive history of past of nobles from all East Asia

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benji

Back 22

way of recording history: basic annals, organized around ruler and his actions

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biao

Back 23

way of recording history: tables, likes charts

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shu

Back 24

way of recording history: topical essays

Front 25

shijia

Back 25

way of recording history: hereditary houses, stories about them

Front 26

liezhhuan

Back 26

way of recording history: biographies

Front 27

shi yan zhi

Back 27

poetry speaks what is on the mind; sometimes political intentions or poet's emotions come from "outisde stimulus"

Front 28

ke yong yan

Back 28

song recites its words; yong means to recite, or to sing slowly and yan means forever; the structure and pattern of a song/poem help future generations remember it and pass it down

Front 29

Shijing

Back 29

The Classic of Poetry, compiled by Confucious, all educated people knew them up until 17th century ; compiled around 600 BC; used for diplomacy; also seen as key to reading individuals and the universe

Front 30

guofeng

Back 30

Airs of the States; folk songs from different regions during the Zhou period; courtships and marriage were popular themes; have refrains

Front 31

xiaoya

Back 31

Lesser Noble Pieces; pursuits of the Zhou nobility; mostly joyous but some lament war and are critical; use the same imagery as in guofeng

Front 32

daya

Back 32

Greater Noble Pieces; concerned with preserving memory of great rulers and continuing their form of rule; how to rule; ya came to mean elegant during Han, as well as morally upright, connected to nobility

Front 33

song

Back 33

Temple Hymns; solemn, recited to accompany sacred rites in ancestral temples; later generations could worship their ancestors and do it the "right" way

Front 34

binomes

Back 34

repeated word that describes physical or emotional condition

Front 35

xing

Back 35

arising, stimulus; poems begin with this, or prompt that "stirs up" the emotions later in the poem

Front 36

juxtaposition

Back 36

in poetry, meant finding/making subtle connections and metaphors; for example, in making an axe one must follow precedent and take decisions seriously (?)

Front 37

Mao (2nd century BC)

Back 37

wrote prefaces to each verse in Shijing commented on song's overall moral/political significance; saw happy songs as a product of good government, and vice-versa

Front 38

Allegoresis

Back 38

the act of turning something into an allegory, opposite is true, too; readers did this to many Shijing songs, too; metaphors actually in poem, not representing something else

Front 39

Great Preface

Back 39

the authority on poetry in East Asia; written in first century AD; discusses the "science" of poetry, how to create and discuss poetry

Front 40

Dao

Back 40

the Way; method, art, teaching, to lead through; roadmap for future action; meaning value, purpose created by human interaction

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de

Back 41

virtue

Front 42

li

Back 42

ritual, rites, ceremony, propriety, etiquette; the symbol comes from making one's intentions known + ritual vase

Front 43

ti

Back 43

body

Front 44

li

Back 44

to take one's stand; one's rank or position in a given social context

Front 45

yue

Back 45

music; like ritual, music is performed differently evey time it's played

Front 46

ren

Back 46

benevolence, humaneness; good or goodness;Confucious says it over 100 times; orientation that seeks to balance relationships without effort; "benevolence requires two people" because produced by interactions with other people, not stuff

Front 47

junzi

Back 47

gentleman v. xiaoren, or lesser man; refers to one's character and background; the lesser man conforms, while the better man enhance the life of everyone

Front 48

yi

Back 48

right, righteousness; I think it comes from characters for appropriate and profit; the ideas of meaning and appropriate are based on one's social status

Front 49

zhong

Back 49

loyalty, trustworthiness; "doing something to the utmost for someone else," ritual

Front 50

shu

Back 50

empathy; "do not do unto others what you would not have them do unto you;" similar to benevolence, "liken yourself to others"; works through analogy/metaphors to understand something, esp. social status; uses specific not abstract/universal truths/ideas

Front 51

xue

Back 51

learning; from received tradition and momorization

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si

Back 52

reflection; to consider relevance of learning to situation

Front 53

wen

Back 53

pattern, culture, civilization, writing; for example, seasonal cycle, human patterns/culture should be preserved through writing

Front 54

ru

Back 54

scholars, erudites; followed Confucious during the Warring States period

Front 55

Six Arts

Back 55

ritual, music, archery, riding, writing, and arithmetic; gentlemen were supposed to know these; because Confucious valued these transmissions of culture, they survived and spread

Front 56

Mozi

Back 56

"Master Mo," the first true debater in East Asia; he saw philosophy as the culture of debate; he was of the lower class; has a repetitive style; believed in a higher power that judged everyone; interested in impartial concern, or universal concern or care

Front 57

Axial Age

Back 57

philosophy developed in Greece, India, and China; transition from the bronze age to the iron age; characterized by larger armies and technological development, to name a few

Front 58

Bronze Age aristocracy v. Iron Age social mobility

Back 58

*

Front 59

shi

Back 59

gentleman, knight; originally aristocrats were retainers, but with the Iron Age they became bureaucrats; they debated on aristocratic ideals and issues of self-cultivation and education

Front 60

10 Inner Chapters

Back 60

core principles of Mozi's thought; outer chapters were added later disciples of Mozi, these discuss technology, defense, and economic issues

Front 61

bian

Back 61

argue out alternatives, comes from word bian "to distinguish"; Mozi's systematic way of arguing

Front 62

guilt v. shame

Back 62

East feels shame, West says guilt because god knows even if no one else does

Front 63

utilitarianism

Back 63

moral worth is judged by what makes the most number of people happy

Front 64

jian'ai

Back 64

impartial concern; universal concern/love, what Mozi advises

Front 65

li

Back 65

profit; how Mozi measures utilitarianism, not happiness or well-being; more proof Mozi was of lower class status, white trash haha

Front 66

Western ideas of philosophy

Back 66

transcendent universal principles; abstract principles that pre-exist everything; elements of world are rational and independent, exist in and of themselves, absolute

Front 67

Eastern ideas of philiosophy

Back 67

universe is cyclical, complimentary entities are immanent; everything depends on other things and relationships with other things for identity; Daodejing does mention the One that everything comes from

Front 68

immanent

Back 68

it's apparent in the world as is, dependent on others for existance

Front 69

Daodejing

Back 69

The Way and its Power; appeared in 250 BC, most famous Chinese text; there are many ways of translating/analyzing; /understanding it; a Doaist utopia is a small village with weak government and a lack of concern for other villages

Front 70

Laozi

Back 70

"Old Master"; anonymous designation for legendary individual; Laozi appears in many stories; stories suggest Laozi was looked down on

Front 71

traditional preferences

Back 71

yang, light, heat, man, above, etc

Front 72

Laozi's preferences

Back 72

yin, dark, cold, woman, below etc; by preferring these to traditional preferences, Laozi believed one could balance their heaven-based perspective

Front 73

judo

Back 73

dealing with the pliant??

Front 74

wu-wei

Back 74

non-action; Laozi says don't interfere when things are already going well

Front 75

ceding the throne

Back 75

ruler was not based on family line, but on who had the Mandate of Heaven, who was best able to rule

Front 76

Mandate of Heaven

Back 76

rulers receive the Mandate of Heaven by their virtue and by the loss of virtue of former ruler; with the mandate, rulers received the ability to command from heaven

Front 77

succession crises

Back 77

women used the emperors affection to gain favor for their son(s)

Front 78

supernatural events

Back 78

*

Front 79

battles

Back 79

*

Front 80

feng

Back 80

poem marks the beginning of influence and culture

Front 81

ya

Back 81

one of Six Principles of poetry:

Front 82

song

Back 82

one of Six Principles of poetry:

Front 83

xing

Back 83

one of Six Principles of poetry: juxtaposition of natural with human

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fu

Back 84

one of Six Principles of poetry: direct description/narration; no imagery or metaphor

Front 85

bi

Back 85

one of Six Principles of poetry: overt metaphor or simile; idfferent kinds of mood instead of fact

Front 86

Kong Fuzi

Back 86

Confucious