Terms Bifida, Osteoporosis, Respiratory Conditions

Front 1

Has:
Lack of folic acid ?? Occurs during first month of pregnancy
3-5% of all live births

Back 1

Causes of Spina Bifida

Front 2

Occulta
Myelocele
Myelomeningeocele
Rachiscele

Back 2

Spina Bifida Varieties

Front 3

Hair present at site; means
concealed, no neurological findings; can be closed within first 2 days

Back 3

Occulta

Front 4

Spinal cord protrusion; spinal fluid leakage; causes pressure which can cause SC damage;

Back 4

Mylocele or
Meningocele

Front 5

portion of the spinal cord andmembranes protruding;hydrocephalus -
spinal fluid on brain -

Back 5

Mylomeningeocele

Front 6

complete protrusion of cord and membranes; opening is present;hydrocephalus; fetus ususally doesn't make it past 24 weeks; imminent death

Back 6

Rachiscele

Front 7

At or above the lesion there is weakness; below there may be paralysis; hip dislocation

Back 7

Motor S&S - Spina Bifida

Front 8

Kyphosis - hunching over; poor kinesthesia and proprioception;
poor posture control - lack of mobility biggest issue

Back 8

Motor S&S - Spina Bifida

Front 9

low visual and auditory discrimination; dim. body scheme; dim. or absent steriognosis

Back 9

Sensory/Visual/Perceptual S&S- Spina Bifida

Front 10

Decreased attention and memory; Learning disabilities; Impaired executive functioning - ability to judge, problem solving

Back 10

Cognitive S&S - Spina Bifida

Front 11

Bowel and bladder issues; diff washing and dressing; diff in independent living

Back 11

Self Care - Spina Bifida

Front 12

Dim play skills; lim. social skills; Lesure skills; all based on mobility - being biggest issue

Back 12

Psychosocial and productivity - Spina Bifida

Front 13

Early Intervention; School based therapy; community integration; vocational; if intellect is intact - same a paraplegia

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Tx of Spina Bifida

Front 14

Means porous bone; most common cond in aging pop; bone weakness leads to fracture; hip fracture most common

Back 14

Osteoporosis

Front 15

Effects 25 million /yr; asymptomatic; effects bone density

Back 15

Osteoporosis

Front 16

Beginning stages of bone density loss

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Osteopenia

Front 17

Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, lack of physical activity

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Behavioral factors - Osteoporosis

Front 18

Review; family history, meds, fall risk

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Clinical Eval of Osteoporosis

Front 19

Exercise, post menopausal meds, calcium intake, behavioral factors - change behaviors

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Prevention strategies to maximize bone density - Osteoporosis

Front 20

Pt ed to understand disease, give info about bevavior modification, exercise program, home modifications for safety
Limited contras

Back 20

Tx of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

Front 21

Bed rest if vetebral Fracture;
balance activities and assmt, always tell of risk of fracture

Back 21

Intervention for Osteoporosis

Front 22

Haematoma with inflammation and granulation tissue

Back 22

1st stage after Fracture

Front 23

Callus visible at 2-3 weeks upper limb and lower limb;
beginning of bone formation

Back 23

2nd stage after Fracture

Front 24

Callus and cartilaginous occurs at 6-8 weeks upper limb, 12-16 weeks lower limb, cart. turn into bone can do weight bearing

Back 24

3rd Stage after Fracture

Front 25

Indicated when function is impeded and Pt is invested;
more than 120,00/yr

Back 25

Joint Replacement

Front 26

severe arthritis; fracture; avascular necrosis, bone tumors, trauma

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Predisposing conditions - Joint Replacement

Front 27

Severe obesity, systemic infection, med conditions give complications after surgery ie
heart condition

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Contras - Joint Replacement

Front 28

THR remove joint and put new one in

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Total Hip Replacement

Front 29

ORIF inserting hardware
to fix fraction

Back 29

Open Reducation Internal Fixation

Front 30

THA interchangeable with THR

Back 30

Total Hip Arthroplasty

Front 31

No IR(internal rotation)
ADD (adduction crossing legs)
Flex (flexion)
during first 6-8 wks

Back 31

Precautions after THR

Front 32

Does not carry post surgery precautions - just weight bearing

Back 32

Precautions after ORIF

Front 33

CPM

Back 33

Continuous passive motion

Front 34

Need to keep joint moving; non WB; partial WB; TDWB (toe down weight bearing); WBAT - (weight bearing as tolerated) Full WB

Back 34

Weight bearing precautions - Joint Replacement

Front 35

Edema Massage very important

Back 35

After surgery precautions - Joint Replacement

Front 36

Chronic inflammatory disease of the synovium; exacerbations and remissions; sometimes presents like the flu

Back 36

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 37

Exhbition of signs and symptoms
- flare up- disease is angry

Back 37

Exacerbation

Front 38

Perpetuated by cont. unknown immune reaction in the synovial tissue

Back 38

RA

Front 39

Inflammation; hypertrophy of synovium (increased mass)weakening of the capsule and ligaments; eventual dest. of cart and bone

Back 39

Etiology of RA

Front 40

increased pain, deformity; irreversible damage

Back 40

Pathology RA

Front 41

Effects women/men 0 5:1

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RA statistic

Front 42

Blood test; X-ray to detect decrease joint space; subcutaneous nodules

Back 42

Diagnostic criteria RA

Front 43

Synovial fluid becomes thick like sand in oil; granulation tissue effects joint capsule and lig; pannus forms and eats the cart and bone; nodule is formed

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Pathology RA

Front 44

The actual process breaks down joint capsule

Back 44

Pannus

Front 45

NSAIDS, Steroids, disease modif drugs, heat vs. ice (ice for acute - heat with remission); splinting (quiets joints),
ROM as indicated; Rest

Back 45

TX RA

Front 46

This is the typical one; AKA degenerative joint disease

Back 46

Osteoarthritis

Front 47

Cart degeneration, remodel of sub chondral bone causes overgrowth, joint infection can occur, NOT systemic;

Back 47

Osteoarthritis

Front 48

Develops without an external causative or predisposing factor; Is familial

Back 48

Primary type of OA

Front 49

Due to a Predisposing factor ie
trauma, obesity, sports injury

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Secondary type of OA

Front 50

1. effects entire joint 2. as the joint deteriorates joint instability occurs 3. Bone spur formation may develop in joint margins

Back 50

Progression of OA

Front 51

Joint pain, motion limitation,
Crepitus (creeking), enlarged joint

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Clinical findings OA

Front 52

Chronic condition; constriciton of surrounding airway; swelling and irritaion; secretions become present

Back 52

Asthma

Front 53

Muscles surrounding bronchial tubes contract (bronchospasms), narrowing airways

Back 53

Asthma

Front 54

lining is red and swollen causes more narrowing; sticky mucuous block airways

Back 54

Asthma

Front 55

Smoking, dust mites, pets, mold, allergies, activity, weather, pollen

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Etiology Asthma

Front 56

Productive cough for 3 months in a row for 2 yrs in a row

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Chronic Bronchitis

Front 57

Barrel chested, blue skin color (BLUE BLOATER), cough present, sputum present, limited exhalation can't get dioxide out

Back 57

S&S Chronic Bronchitis

Front 58

Have to be exposed to some kind of toxin - alveoli destroyed

Back 58

Emphysema

Front 59

Lose elasticity of lungs, exhaling difficult, effortful breathing - PINK PUFFER need to breathe faster

Back 59

Empysema

Front 60

Shortness of breath; feels like can't get enough air; breathless ness followed by coughing during exertion even slight.

Back 60

S&S Emphysema

Front 61

Coughing, wheezing and chronic mucus production; may not happen until middle age; worsen with time

Back 61

S&S Emphysema

Front 62

Pt has all 3 or combo of 2
Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphesema

Back 62

COPD