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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mercator map projection
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A map projection of the earth into a cylinder; areas appear greater the farther they are from the equator.
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CFC's
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Chlorine and bromine containing compounds. They have been implicated in the accelerated depletion of the ozone in the Earth's stratosphere.
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Permafrost
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Permanently frozen subsoil occurring throughout the Polar Regions and locally in perennially frigid areas.
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Boreal Forest
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A biome characterized by conifer forests. This term is usually referred to the more southerly part of the biome.
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Interglaciations
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A long period of time characterized by climatic conditions associated with minimum glacial extent.
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Riga
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The capital and largest city of Latvia. Situated on the mouth of Daugava. Largest city in the Baltic States and third largest in the Baltic region.
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Ceyhan Pipeline
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A 1,768 kilometers (1,099 mi) long crude oil pipeline from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Second largest oil pipeline in the world.
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Baki (Baku)
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A port city on the Caspian Sea that is the capital of Azerbaijan and an important center for oil production.
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Low latitudes
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Latitudes between 30 and 0 degrees North and South of the equator. Also referred to as the tropical or torrid region.
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High latitudes
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The regions between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole.
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Xenophobia
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A fear or contempt of that which is foreign or unknown, especially of strangers or foreign people.
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Carl O. Sauer
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American geographer. He was a professor of geography at the University of California, Berkeley from 1923 until becoming professor emeritus in 1957 and was instrumental in the early development of the geography graduate school at Berkeley. One of his most well known works was Agricultural Origins and Dispersals (1952). In 1927, he wrote the article "Recent Developments in Cultural Geography," which considered how cultural landscapes are made up of "the forms superimposed on the physical landscape."
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Siberia
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The region of Russia in Asia, stretching from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean.
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Ural Mountains
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a mountain range in western Russia extending from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia.
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Sakhalin
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The largest island of Russia, off it's eastern coast.
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Caucasus Mountains
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The mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia.
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Volga River
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A Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea.
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Amur River
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An Asian river between China and Russia; flows into the Sea of Okhotsk.
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Ob River
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A major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea
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Federalism
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A system of national government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of regions with delimited self-governing authority.
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Mercator map projection
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A map projection of the earth into a cylinder; areas appear greater the farther they are from the equator.
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CFC's
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Chlorine and bromine containing compounds. They have been implicated in the accelerated depletion of the ozone in the Earth's stratosphere.
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Permafrost
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Permanently frozen subsoil occurring throughout the Polar Regions and locally in perennially frigid areas.
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Boreal Forest
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A biome characterized by conifer forests. This term is usually referred to the more southerly part of the biome.
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Interglaciations
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A long period of time characterized by climatic conditions associated with minimum glacial extent.
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Riga
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The capital and largest city of Latvia. Situated on the mouth of Daugava. Largest city in the Baltic States and third largest in the Baltic region.
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Ceyhan Pipeline
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A 1,768 kilometers (1,099 mi) long crude oil pipeline from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Second largest oil pipeline in the world.
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Baki (Baku)
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A port city on the Caspian Sea that is the capital of Azerbaijan and an important center for oil production.
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Low latitudes
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Latitudes between 30 and 0 degrees North and South of the equator. Also referred to as the tropical or torrid region.
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High latitudes
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The regions between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole.
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Xenophobia
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A fear or contempt of that which is foreign or unknown, especially of strangers or foreign people.
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Carl O. Sauer
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American geographer. He was a professor of geography at the University of California, Berkeley from 1923 until becoming professor emeritus in 1957 and was instrumental in the early development of the geography graduate school at Berkeley. One of his most well known works was Agricultural Origins and Dispersals (1952). In 1927, he wrote the article "Recent Developments in Cultural Geography," which considered how cultural landscapes are made up of "the forms superimposed on the physical landscape."
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Siberia
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The region of Russia in Asia, stretching from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean.
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Ural Mountains
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a mountain range in western Russia extending from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia.
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Sakhalin
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The largest island of Russia, off it's eastern coast.
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Caucasus Mountains
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The mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia.
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Volga River
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A Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea.
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Amur River
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An Asian river between China and Russia; flows into the Sea of Okhotsk.
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Ob River
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A major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea
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Federalism
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A system of national government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of regions with delimited self-governing authority.
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Xenophobia
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A fear or contempt of that which is foreign or unknown, especially of strangers or foreign people.
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Carl O. Sauer
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American geographer. He was a professor of geography at the University of California, Berkeley from 1923 until becoming professor emeritus in 1957 and was instrumental in the early development of the geography graduate school at Berkeley. One of his most well known works was Agricultural Origins and Dispersals (1952). In 1927, he wrote the article "Recent Developments in Cultural Geography," which considered how cultural landscapes are made up of "the forms superimposed on the physical landscape."
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Siberia
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The region of Russia in Asia, stretching from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean.
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Ural Mountains
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a mountain range in western Russia extending from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia.
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Sakhalin
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The largest island of Russia, off it's eastern coast.
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Caucasus Mountains
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The mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia.
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Volga River
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A Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea.
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Amur River
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An Asian river between China and Russia; flows into the Sea of Okhotsk.
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Ob River
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A major river of western Siberia; flows generally northward and westward to the Gulf of Ob and the Kara Sea
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Federalism
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A system of national government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of regions with delimited self-governing authority.
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Unitary System
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Is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Most states in the world have a unitary system of government.
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Multinational State
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A state (country) in which the population consists of two or more ethnically distinct nations (peoples) that are of significant size. This contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population.
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Distance decay
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A geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales activity space their interactions begin to decrease.
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Vorkuta
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A coal mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa river. As of 2002[update], its population was 84,917. It had its origin in one of the more notorious forced labour camps of the Gulag which was established in 1932.
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Core region
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The primary industrial region of a country; usually located around the capital or largest port; has both the greatest population density and the greatest economic activity of the country.
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Command economy
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A planned economy or directed economy is an economic system in which the state or workers' councils manage the economy. It is an economic system in which the central government makes all decisions on the production and consumption of goods and services.
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Sir Halford Mackinder
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An English geographer and is considered one of the founding fathers of both Geopolitics and Geostrategy.
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Nicholas Spykman
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A Dutch-American geostrategist, known as the "godfather of containment." As a political scientist he was one of the founders of the classical realist school in American foreign policy, transmitting Eastern European political thought into the United States. In his writings concerning geography and foreign policy, Spykman was somewhat of a geographical determinist. Since geography was "the most fundamentally conditioning factor because of its relative permanence," it was of primary relevance in analyzing a state's potential foreign policy.
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V.I. Lenin
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Founder of Bolshevism and the force behind the Russian revolution
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Salvic Language
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the dialects of Macedonian and Bulgarian spoken by minority groups in the regions of Macedonia and Thrace in northern Greece.
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Unitary System
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Is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Most states in the world have a unitary system of government.
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Multinational State
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A state (country) in which the population consists of two or more ethnically distinct nations (peoples) that are of significant size. This contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population.
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Distance decay
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A geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales activity space their interactions begin to decrease.
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Vorkuta
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A coal mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa river. As of 2002[update], its population was 84,917. It had its origin in one of the more notorious forced labour camps of the Gulag which was established in 1932.
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Core region
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The primary industrial region of a country; usually located around the capital or largest port; has both the greatest population density and the greatest economic activity of the country.
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Command economy
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A planned economy or directed economy is an economic system in which the state or workers' councils manage the economy. It is an economic system in which the central government makes all decisions on the production and consumption of goods and services.
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Sir Halford Mackinder
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An English geographer and is considered one of the founding fathers of both Geopolitics and Geostrategy.
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Nicholas Spykman
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A Dutch-American geostrategist, known as the "godfather of containment." As a political scientist he was one of the founders of the classical realist school in American foreign policy, transmitting Eastern European political thought into the United States. In his writings concerning geography and foreign policy, Spykman was somewhat of a geographical determinist. Since geography was "the most fundamentally conditioning factor because of its relative permanence," it was of primary relevance in analyzing a state's potential foreign policy.
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V.I. Lenin
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Founder of Bolshevism and the force behind the Russian revolution
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Salvic Language
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the dialects of Macedonian and Bulgarian spoken by minority groups in the regions of Macedonia and Thrace in northern Greece.
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Unitary System
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Is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Most states in the world have a unitary system of government.
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Multinational State
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A state (country) in which the population consists of two or more ethnically distinct nations (peoples) that are of significant size. This contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population.
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Distance decay
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A geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases. Once the distance is outside of the two locales activity space their interactions begin to decrease.
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Vorkuta
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A coal mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa river. As of 2002[update], its population was 84,917. It had its origin in one of the more notorious forced labour camps of the Gulag which was established in 1932.
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Core region
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The primary industrial region of a country; usually located around the capital or largest port; has both the greatest population density and the greatest economic activity of the country.
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Command economy
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A planned economy or directed economy is an economic system in which the state or workers' councils manage the economy. It is an economic system in which the central government makes all decisions on the production and consumption of goods and services.
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Sir Halford Mackinder
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An English geographer and is considered one of the founding fathers of both Geopolitics and Geostrategy.
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Nicholas Spykman
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A Dutch-American geostrategist, known as the "godfather of containment." As a political scientist he was one of the founders of the classical realist school in American foreign policy, transmitting Eastern European political thought into the United States. In his writings concerning geography and foreign policy, Spykman was somewhat of a geographical determinist. Since geography was "the most fundamentally conditioning factor because of its relative permanence," it was of primary relevance in analyzing a state's potential foreign policy.
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V.I. Lenin
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Founder of Bolshevism and the force behind the Russian revolution
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Salvic Language
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the dialects of Macedonian and Bulgarian spoken by minority groups in the regions of Macedonia and Thrace in northern Greece.
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Russification
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An adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily or not) by non-Russian communities. In a narrow sense, Russification is used to denote the influence of the Russian language on Slavic, Baltic and other languages, spoken in areas currently or formerly controlled by Russia, which led to emerging of russianisms, trasianka and surzhyk.
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Bolsheviks
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A Russian member of the left-wing majority group that followed Lenin and eventually became the Russian communist party.
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The Gulag
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A network of forced labor camps or prisons in the former Soviet Union, especially for political dissidents; a place or situation
of great suffering and hardship, likened to the atmosphere in a prison system or a forced labor camp. |
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Orthodox Church
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The world's second largest Christian communion, estimated to number 225 million members. Derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites.
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Czars/Czarians
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A Slavic emperor (not necessarily a Russian emperor); A high-rank political official of the executive branch.
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Ivan the Terrible
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The first czar of Russia (1530-1584). Grand Prince of Moscow. associated with might, power and strictness, rather than poor performance, horror or cruelty.
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Peter I the Great
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Ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire. carried out a policy of modernization and expansion that transformed the Tsardom of Russia into the 3-billion acre Russian Empire, a major European power.
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Catherine II the Great
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Empress of Russia from 9 July [O.S. 28 June] 1762 until 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796. Under her direct auspices the Russian Empire expanded, improved its administration, and continued to modernize along Western European lines. Catherine's rule re-vitalized Russia, which grew ever stronger and became recognized as one of the great powers of Europe.
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Soviet Union
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a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991.
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U.S.S.R.
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A constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
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Tartars (Mongols)
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A rayon of Azerbaijan. The rayon includes the former Martakert district, most of which is controlled by Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh. A Turkic ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.
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Near Abroad
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A term used in Russia and some other Post-Soviet states to describe the Post-Soviet states (mostly where Russian is spoken, except the country where the term is used itself).
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forward capital
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A symbolic relocation of a capital city to a geographically or demographically peripheral location may be for either economic or strategic reason.
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imperialism
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The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations
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continentality
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the tendency of land to experience more thermal variation than water, due to the land's lower specific heat capacity.
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BAM
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One of the 45 provinces of Burkina Faso. It is in Centre-Nord Region and the capital of Bam is Kongoussi.
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Trans-Siberian Railroad
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A network of railways connecting Moscow and European Russia with the Russian Far East provinces, Mongolia, China and the Sea of Japan.
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Moscow
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Capital of the Russian Federation, Russian capital (a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation).
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St. Petersburg
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A city in the European part of Russia; 2nd largest Russian city; located at the head of the Gulf of Finland; former capital of Russia.
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Murmansk
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A port city in northwestern Russia on the Kola Peninsula; the largest city to the north of the Arctic Circle; an important supply line to Russia in World War I and World War II.
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Arkhangelsk
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A city in northwestern Russia on the White Sea.
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Pechora Basin
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An oil field basin in northern Russia. A planned project to mine its oil and gas was conceived in the mid-nineties and approved by United States and Russian Governments. As of September 29, 2004, Conoco and LUKoil planned to jointly develop this Basin.
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Yakutsk
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A city in the Russian Far East, located about 4° (450 kilometres) below the Arctic Circle. It is the capital of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (formerly the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), Russia and a major port on the Lena River.
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Sakha
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A federal subject of Russia (a republic). At half the size of the Far Eastern Federal District, it is the largest subnational governing body by area in the world at 3,100,000 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi), yet it has a population of less than one million. Its capital is Yakutsk.
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Norilsk
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A major city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located between the Yenisey river and the Taymyr Peninsula. It was granted city status in 1953. It is the northernmost city in Siberia and the world's second largest city (after Murmansk) above the Arctic Circle.
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Povolzhye
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A historical region of Russia that encompasses the territories adjacent to the flow of Volga River.
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Tolyatti
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A city in Samara Oblast, Russia. It is the administrative center of Stavropolsky District. Population: 718,030 (2007 est.);[3] 702,879 (2002 Census);[4] It is the largest city in Russia which does not serve as an administrative center of a federal subject.
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Vladivostok
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Russia's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. It is situated at the head of the Golden Horn Bay not far from Russia's border with China and North Korea. It is the home port of the Russian Pacific Fleet.
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Kurile Islands
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In Russia's Sakhalin Oblast region, is a volcanic archipelago that stretches approximately 1,300 km (810 mi) northeast from Hokkaidō, Japan, to Kamchatka, Russia, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. There are 56 islands in total and many more minor rocks.
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Novorossiysk
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A city in southern Russia, the main Russian port on the Black Sea, in Krasnodar Krai. It is one of the few cities honoured with the Soviet title of the Hero City.
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Nizhniy Novgorod
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The fourth largest city in Russia. The city is an important economic, transport and cultural center of the nation.
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Chechnya
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A federal subject of Russia. It is located in the Northern Caucasus mountains, in the Southern Federal District.
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Novosibirsk
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Russia's third-largest city, after Moscow and Saint Petersburg, and the largest city of Siberia. It is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast as well as of the Siberian Federal District. The city is located in the south-western portion of the federal district and occupies an area of 477.2 square kilometres.
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Kuznetsk Basin (Kuzbas)
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One of the biggest coal mining areas in the world, covering an area of around 27,000 square miles (70,000 km2). It lies in the Kuznetsk Depression between Tomsk and Novokuznetsk in the basin of the Tom river. From the south it borders the Abakan Range, from the west Salair Ridge, and Kuznetsky Alatau from the north.
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Donets Basin (Donbas)
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a historical, economic and cultural region located on the territory of present-day Ukraine. It combines two oblasts (provinces) in the east of the country: northern and central part of Donetsk Oblast (southern part is perceived to be Pryazovia) and southern part of Luhansk Oblast (northern part is perceived to be Slobozhanschyna). The city of Donetsk is considered the unofficial capital of Donbass. The name of the region originates from the coal-field discovered in late 19th century which was named after the Donets river flowing across the region.
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Dnieper River
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One of the major rivers in Europe (fourth by length) that flows from Russia, through Belarus and Ukraine, to the Black Sea. it serves as the border between Belarus and Ukraine.
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Kiev
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Is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River.
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Odessa
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The administrative center of the Odessa Oblast (province) located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000.
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Crimea
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The only autonomous republic of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name.
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Sevastopol
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A port city in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimea peninsula. It has a population of 342,451 (2001).[1] The city, formerly the home of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet, is now a Ukrainian naval base mutually used by the Ukrainian Navy and Russian Navy.
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Yalta
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A city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea. The city is located on the site of an ancient Greek colony. t is situated on a deep bay facing south towards the Black Sea, surrounded by wooded mountains. It enjoys a warm Mediterranean climate with many vineyards and orchards in the vicinity.
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Chernobyl
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A city in northern Ukraine, in Kyiv Oblast (Province), near the border with Belarus.
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Chernozem soil
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A black-coloured soil containing a very high percentage of humus. A soil type in the Canadian system of soil classification and the United Nations' FAO soil classification.
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Kaliningrad Exclave
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A seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea. The territory, the northern part of the former East Prussia, borders on NATO and EU members Poland and Lithuania, and is geographically separated from the rest of Russia.
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White Russians
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A sweet cocktail. The drink is not traditionally Russian, but is so named due to vodka being the primary ingredient. An anti-Bolshevik group from the Russian Civil War.
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Mensk (Minsk)
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The capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers. Located on a region of rolling hills running from the southwest (upper reaches of the river Nioman) to the northeast - that is, to the Lukomskaye lake in northwestern Belarus.
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Republic of Transdniestria
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Is a disputed region in Eastern Europe, located mostly in a strip between the Dniester River and Ukraine. Landlocked and borders Bessarabia (i.e. the rest of Moldova, for 411 km) to the West, and Ukraine (for 405 km) to the East. It is a narrow valley stretching in the North-South direction along the bank of the Dniester River, which forms a natural boundary along most of the border with (the rest of) Moldova.
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