Terms

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Atom

Back 1

Smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of that element.

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Element

Back 2

One of the more than 100 known substances that cannot be divided into simpler substances by chemical means.

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Molecule

Back 3

Smallest particle into which a substance can theoretically be divided and maintain its chemical properties, the chemical combinations two or more atoms.

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Conpounds

Back 4

The combination of two or more different elements to form a resulting product that is chemically different from the original ingredients. A compound must be chemically separated.

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Mixtures

Back 5

Two or more molecules or elements are grouped together, and each molecule maintains its chemical identity. A mixture can be physically separated .

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Nucleus

Back 6

Small, dense, positively charged mass located at the center of an atom.

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Proton

Back 7

Positively charged particle located in the nucleus

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Neutron

Back 8

Neutrally charged particle located in the nucleus

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Electron

Back 9

Negatively charged particle that revolves around the nucleus

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Atomic number

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1. Number of protons in the nucleus

2. Positive charge of a proton is the same magnitude as the negative charge of an electron.

3. Therefore, it may indicate the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of s neutral atom.

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Shells

Back 11

Using 2n^2=maximum number of electrons contained in shells one thru seven

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Valence

Back 12

A number that represents the extent to which an atom is able to combine directly with other atlms

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Valence Shell

Back 13

The outermost shell of an atom

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Valence Electrons

Back 14

Electrons that reside in the valence she'll of an atom

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Characteristic of Valence

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Maximum number of electrons that can fit into the valence she'll of any atom is eight

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Valence Differences- Conductors

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Substance that permit free motion of a large number of electrons

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Insulators

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1. Substances that contain no free electrons

2. Normally have five or more valence electrons

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Semiconducyors

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1. Substances that are neither good conductors note good insulators

2. Normally have four valence electrons

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Ionization

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The process by which an atom loses or gains electrons

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Negative Ion

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1. Atom that has more than its normal amount of electrons

2. Atom that acquires a negative charge

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Positive Ion

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1. Atom that had fewer than its normal number of electrons

2. Protons outnumber electrons

3. Atom that acquired a positive charge

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Kirchoff's Law

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The sum of the currents flowing to a given point in a circuit is equal to the sum of the currents flowing away from that point.

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Ohm's Law

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Current in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the circuits resistance

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Parallel Circuit

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A circuit in which the same voltage is applied to all branches and the current divided among the branches according to their resistances

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Series Circuit

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Circuit with only one path thru which current can flow

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Vector

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Directed line segment containing both magnitude(size) and direction

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Scalar

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In contrast to a vector is a quantity which had magnitude only.

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Radius Vector

Back 28

Revolves around an origin of the rectangular coordinate system

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Initial Side

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Is the original position of the radius vector

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Terminal Side

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Is the final position of the radius vector

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Reference Angle

Back 31

Smallest angle between the radius vectors terminal position and the x-axis

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In phase

Back 32

When two sine waves are exactly in step with each other, start at the same point, and reach their maximum and minimum value at the same time.

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Out of Phase

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When two sine waves of the same frequency are not exactly in step with each other

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Effective Voltage

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The value of AC voltage that will do the same amount of work as DC voltage

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Average Voltage

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The average of all instantaneous values on one alternation

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Phase Shift

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Is a displacement in both time and electrical degrees between two waveforms of the same frequency