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180 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Osteochondritis |
Inflammation of bone & cartilage |
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Osteomyelitis |
Inflammation of the bone caused by bacterial infection |
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Culture media |
The food substance used by the bacteria to grow on the agar, kept in petri dishes |
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Culture medium |
Mixture of nutrients on which microorganisms grow can be solid or liquid (broth) |
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Culture |
A mass of microorganisms growing in a lab culture medium |
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Mixed culture |
Two or more different types of microorganisms |
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Zone of inhibition |
Area around the bacitracin disk |
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Agar |
Transparent, colorless blood added - kept in refrigerator & brought to room temp |
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Streaking |
Process of placing a specimen on the surface of a medium |
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Petri dish |
Holds solid culture medium |
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Antibiotic sensitive |
Growth around the disk is stopped |
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Antibiotic resistant |
Bacteria grows up to the disk |
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Normal flora |
Harmless, does not cause disease - surface of skin |
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Pathogenic |
Microorganisms known to contain species capable of causing human disease - bacteria - viruses - protozoa - fungi (yeast) - animal parasites |
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Antibiotics |
Help in controlling bacterial infections NOT effective against viral infections |
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Cocci |
Round bacteria |
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Staphylococci |
Round bacteria, grow in grapelike clusters, usually cause pus formation - boils - pimples - impetigo - abscesses - wound infections |
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Streptococci |
Round bacteria, grows in chains, major cause of death before antibiotics - strep throat - scarlet fever - rheumatic fever - pneumonia - impetigo |
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Diplococci |
Round bacteria, grows in pairs - pneumonia - gonorrhea - meningitis |
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Bacilli |
Rod-shaped bacteria Found in soil & air - botulism - tetanus - salmonella - pertussis - diphtheria - TB |
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Spirilla |
Spiral or curved shaped bacteria - syphilis - lyme disease - cannot be grown in culture media |
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Vibrio |
Comma-shaped bacteria - cholera - food poisoning |
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Fungi |
More like plants multi-cellular, unlike one-celled bacteria Can be seen with eye - athletes foot - ringworm - thrush - vaginitis - nail fungus |
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Stages of Infectious Disease |
1.) Infection - Invasion into the body 2.) Incubation period - Interval of time between invasion by a pathogen & appearance of 1st symptoms 3.) Prodromal period - 1st symptoms appear 4.) Acute period - Disease is at its peak 5.) Decline period - Symptoms subside 6.) Convalescent - Return to good health |
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Ventilation (external respiration) |
Movement of air in & out of the lungs |
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Diffusion |
Passive process where oxygen & carbon dioxide cross the capillary & alveolar membranes & enters the capillaries or alveoli |
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Perfusion (internal respiration) |
Exchange of oxygen in the blood for carbon dioxide in the cells of the body tissue & organs |
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FVC |
Forced Vital Capacity Greatest volume of air that can be expelled when a person performs rapid, forced expiration |
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Epiglottis |
A flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue |
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Diaphragm |
Seperates the thorax from the abdomen |
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Auscultation |
Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope |
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Asthma |
Spasms in the bronchi of lungs; difficulty breathing |
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Emphysema |
Damaged/enlarged air sacs of the lungs; breathlessness |
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Cilia |
Short, hairlike, microscopic structures that extend from surfaces of cells |
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Trachea |
Connects the pharynx & larynx to the lungs; allows air passage |
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Pleural |
Serous membranes lining the thorax & lungs |
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Pneumonia |
Infection that inflames air sacs in the lungs; sometimes fluid filled |
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Alveoli |
Tiny sacs in lungs; allow oxygen & carbon dioxide to move between the lungs & bloodstream |
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Bronchi |
Tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe |
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Apex |
Uppermost portion of the lung |
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Mediastinum |
Space between the lungs in the chest |
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Nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue |
Adenoids |
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Pulmonary parenchyma |
Alveoli & bronchioles |
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Removal of the voicebox |
Laryngectomy |
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Medical term for a condition of decreased oxygen in the blood |
Hypoxemia |
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Breathing easier in an upright position |
Orthopnea |
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Collection of pus in the pleural cavity |
Pyothorax |
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Sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest |
Percussion |
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The "P" in DPT stands for |
Pertussis |
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Dyspnea |
Difficult breathing |
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Material is expelled from the lungs |
Expectoration |
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Localized area of pus formation in the lungs |
Pulmonary abscess |
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Spitting up blood from the lungs |
Hemoptysis |
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Tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway |
Endotracheal intubation |
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Airway obstruction associated with emphysema & chronic bronchitis |
COPD |
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Hypercapnia |
High CO2 levels in the blood |
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Trigone |
Portion of the urinary bladder |
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Pertaining to small balls of capillaries in the kidney |
Glomerular |
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Nitrogenous waste |
Creatinine |
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Perivesical |
Surrounding the urinary bladder |
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X-ray of the urinary tract |
KUB |
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Nephrolithotomy |
Incision to remove a renal calculus (kidney stone) |
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High levels of ketones in the blood can lead to |
Acidosis |
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Urinary retention |
Urine held in the bladder |
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Test that measures the amount of urea in the blood |
BUN |
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Nephrosclerosis |
Hardening of blood vessels in the kidney |
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Hypernephroma |
Malignant tumor of the kidney |
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Enuresis |
Bedwetting |
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Venule |
Small vein |
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Arteriosclerosis |
Hardening of the arteries |
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CPR stands for |
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
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The sac containing the male gonad |
Scrotum |
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Undescended testicles |
Cryptorchism |
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Foreskin |
Prepuce |
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The male gonad |
Testis |
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Hair-like tail region of sperm |
Flagellum |
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______ is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics |
Testosterone |
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The removal of the testis |
Orchiectomy |
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These tubes carry sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra |
Vas Deferens |
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Fingerlike ends of the fallopian tubes |
Fimbriae |
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Endometrium |
The inner lining of the uterus |
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Tubes that extend from the uterus on each side that open near an ovary |
Fallopian tubes |
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Labia Minora |
The folds of skin that surround the vaginal orifice |
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Part of the vulva |
Labia Majora |
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Secrets a mucus during sexual arousal & lubricates the vagina |
Bartholin's glands |
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The area between the vagina & anus |
Perineum |
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The first menstrual period is called |
Menarche |
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Oophorosalpingectomy |
The removal of ovaries & fallopian tubes |
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The surgical removal of the uterus & ovaries |
Hysterectomy |
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Hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy |
The surgical removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, & the ovaries |
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Amenorrhea |
Absence of menstruation |
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Metrorrhagia |
Spotting/bleeding between periods |
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Dysmenorrhea |
Painful menstruation |
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What are the 2 types of lymphocytes? |
T cells & B cells |
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Erythropoietin |
A hormone secreted by the kidneys that is needed for the development of erythrocytes |
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This WBC accounts for about 3% of all WBC & are effective in getting rid of viruses. They also help control inflammation & allergic reactions |
Eosinophils |
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This blood cell has biconcave-shape, similar to a doughnut with a depression instead of a hole. The main function of this blood cell is to transport oxygen through the body |
Erythrocyte |
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Contains small particles or Granules in their cytoplasm & include neutrophils, eosinophils, & basophils |
Granulocytes |
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Does not contain small particles or granules in their cytoplasm. Includes Monocytes & Lymphocytes |
Agranulocytes |
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Most numerous of the WBC's, contains granules & are the first to contact bacteria & infection |
Neutrophils |
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Account for less than 1% of all WBC's. They release substances like histamine & heparin |
Basophils |
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Account for about 8% of all WBC's. They are agranular, or do not have a cytoplasmic granules |
Monocytes |
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Leukocytes formed in the lymph tissue; produces antibodies, or immunity for the body |
Lymphocytes |
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Protein threads that form the basis of a clot |
Fibrinogen |
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Hemolysis |
Destruction of RBC's & will give plasma/serum a pinkish-red appearance |
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Craniotomy |
Incision of the skull |
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Viscera |
Internal organs |
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Amniocentesis |
Surgical procedure to remove fluid from the sac around the embryo |
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Inflammation of lymph tissue in the throat |
Tonsillitis |
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Ishemia |
Blood is held back from an area |
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Otalgia |
Pain in the ear |
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Hypertrophy |
Excessive development |
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Protein substances made by leukocytes |
Antibodies |
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Contralateral |
Pertaining to the opposite side |
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Ante cibum |
Before meals |
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Exophthalmos |
Protusion of an eyeball |
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Leukopenia |
Abnormally low WBC count |
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Breathing only possible in an upright position |
Orthopnea |
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Gynecomastia |
Abnormally large breasts in men |
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Hidradenitis |
Inflammation of a sweat gland |
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Aphagia |
Inability to swallow |
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Tympanoplasty |
Reconstruction of the eardrum |
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Colporrhaphy |
Repair of the vagina |
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Myelogram |
X-ray record of the spinal cord |
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Radiopaque |
Obstructing the passage of xrays |
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Adduction |
Moving toward the midline |
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Angiogram |
Xray record of vessels |
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In vitro |
Tests done outside a living organism |
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Pyelogram |
Xray of renal pelvis |
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Mitosis |
Replication of cells |
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Cryosurgery |
Freezing a lesion |
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Cancellous bone |
Spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of bone |
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Foramen |
Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels & nerves enter & leave |
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Cartilage |
Flexible connective tissue found in the immature skeleton, epiphyseal plate, & on the joint surfaces |
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Ossification |
Process of bone formation |
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Epiphysis |
End of a long bone |
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Phosphorous |
Mineral substance in bone |
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Diaphysis |
The shaft of a long bone |
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Ankylosis |
Condition of stiffening & immobility of a joint |
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Atrophy |
Wasting away of muscle |
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Myoneural |
Pertaining to muscles & nerves |
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Part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements & maintaining balance |
Cerebellum |
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Portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, water balance, & body temperature |
Hypothalamus |
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Syncope |
Fainting |
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Space between nerve cells is called the |
Synapse |
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Part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, & the size of blood vessels |
Medulla oblongata |
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A type of epithelial cell in the epidermis |
Squamous cell |
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Middle layer of skin |
Dermis |
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A hard protein material found in the epidermis |
Keratin |
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Paraonychia |
Inflammation of the soft tissue around a nail |
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Pustule |
Small abscess |
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EKG's are normally recorded with the paper moving at what speed? |
25 mm/sec |
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Palpation |
Examination with the hands, feeling for organs, masses, or infiltration of a part of the body, feeling the heart or pulse beat. |
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Mensuration |
Measuring |
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Manipulation |
To handle or control, typically in a skillful manner |
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Inspection |
Careful examination or scruntiny |
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Supine position |
Patient lying flat on the back with arms at sides.
Used to access chest, breasts, abdomen, heart, & extremities. Can also be used for blood draws, vitals, & male cath |
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Dorsal-Recumbent position |
The patient is in supine with the legs bent at the knees & feet flat on the exam table. Knees must be at least 12 inches apart.
Used to examine the abdomen, genital, & rectal areas.
Drape = triangle |
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Dorsal-Lithotomy position |
Similar to dorsal recumbent, except the feet are placed in stirrups. This is done for vaginal exams, pap smears, & pelvic exams. Drape = triangle |
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Trendelenburg position |
Elevates legs above the heart Used for shock or fainting Draping is done from the shoulders downward |
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Sims position |
Also called the left lateral position. Patient has to lay on left side with left arm behind the body, right arm in front of the face, & right leg pulled up Used for enemas, suppositories, rectal temp, & rectal exams |
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Prone position |
Patient lies flat on abdomen with the neck turned to one side with arms down by the side. Used to examine the spine, back, & lower extremities |
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Knee-Chest position |
Patient is positioned on the knees with the head & chest on the table with elbows & knees 12 inches apart. Used for rectal exams & proctologic exams/procedures Orthostatic hypotension may be a problem after assuming this position for a long period of time. |
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Fowlers position |
Patient is sitting at a 90 degree angle with lower extremities elevated. Used for difficulty breathing, vitals, examination of the chest, head, & neck |
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Laceration |
A tear in the skin or jagged-edged wound |
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Abrasion |
Scrape of the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane |
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Incision |
A straight cut made with a cutting instrument |
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Puncture |
An opening in the skin made by a sharp, pointed object such as a nail |
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Avulsion |
Forcible tearing of a flap of skin |
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Contusion |
Nonpenetrating wound resulting in bleeding beneath the skin & into the tissue |
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Hypovolemic shock |
Due to decrease in circulating blood in the body system. Can be from hemorrhage from an injury or from 3rd degree burn over a large part of the body |
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Cardiogenic shock |
Due to failure of the heart to adequately pump enough blood to supply the body. Usually from a myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or electrical conduction problems |
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Septic shock |
Due to a massive bacterial infection in which toxins from the infection are released into the bloodstream |
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Neurogenic shock |
Occurs when vasodilation occurs due to dysfunction or injury to the neurological system |
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Anaphylactic shock |
Due to an allergic reaction from an allergen |
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Diabetic ketoacidosis |
A serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. The condition develops when your body can't produce enough insulin. |
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Pyrexia |
Fever above 100.4 |
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Hyperpyrexia |
Fever above 105.8 |
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Hypothermia |
Temperature below 97 |
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Normal ranges for temperature |
Oral = 98.6 Rectal = 99.6 Axillary = 97.6 |
