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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the 4 basic types of tissue in the body? |
Connective Muscle Nerve Epithelial |
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Which body system eliminates solid waste from the body? |
Digestive |
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Which system maintains posture? |
Muscular system |
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What system regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and volume? |
Urinary System |
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What are the 10 systems of the Human body? |
Skeletal, urinary, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, muscular, endocrine, digestive, integumentary, nervous |
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What body system maintains posture? |
Muscular system |
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Which body system regulates bodily activities through various hormones? |
Endocrine system |
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Which body system regulates body activities with electrical impulses? |
Integumentary system |
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Which body system eliminates carbon dioxide from blood. |
Respiratory system |
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Which body system recieves stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, and pain? |
Nervous system |
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Which body system reproduces the organism? |
Reproductive system |
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Which body system helps regulate body temperature? |
Circulatory system |
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Which body system supports and protects many soft tissue of the body? |
Skelatal System |
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What is the largest organ in the body? |
Integumentary |
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List two divisions of the human skeletal system. |
Axial and appendicular |
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How many total bones in the adult skeleton? |
206 |
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The scapula is part of the axial skeleton? T/F |
False |
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The skull is part of the axial skeleton? T/F |
True |
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The pelvis is part of the appendicular skeleton ? |
True |
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What are the 4 bone classifications? |
Long, short, irregular and flat |
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The outer covering of a long bone, which is composed of a dense, fibrous membrane, is called what? |
Periosteum |
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Which aspect of long bones is responsible for the production or red blood cells? |
Medullary aspect |
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Which aspecr of the long bone is essential for the bone growth, repair and nutrition? |
Periosteum |
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Identify the primary and secondary growth centers for long bones . |
Primary: body, shaft (diaphasis) Secondary: epiphyses |
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At what age is epiphyseal fusion of the long bones completed? |
Age 25 |
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What is the wider portion of a long bone called? Bone growth and length occurs here. |
Metaphysis |
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What are the three functional classifications of joints? |
Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis |
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What are the three structural classifications of joints? |
Cartilage Synovial Fibrous |
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What kind of structural classification is the first carpometacarpal of thumb? |
Synovial joint |
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What type of structural classification is the roots around the teeth? |
Fibrous joint |
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What type of structural joint classification is the proximal radioulnar joint? |
Synovial |
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What type of structural classification joint is the skull sutures? |
Fibrous joint |
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What type of structural classification joint is the epipheses? |
Cartilaginous joint |
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What type of structural classification joint is the intervertebral disk space? |
Cartilaginous joint |
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What type of structure classification joint is the symphysis pubis? |
Cartilaginous joint |
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What type of structural classification joint is the hip joint? |
Synovial joint |
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What are the seven types of synovial joints including the preferred terms. |
Plane (gliding) Glymus (hinge) Ellipsoid (condylar) Bicondylar Sellar (saddle) Trochoid (pivot) Speroidal (ball and socket) |
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What type of movement does the synovial first carpometacarpal joint do? |
Sellar |
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What type of synovial joint is the elbow joint? |
Ginglymus or hinge |
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What type of synovial joint is the shoulder joint? |
Spheroidal joint |
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What type of synovial joint is the intercarpal joint? |
Plane or gliding |
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What type of synovial joint movement is the wrist joint considered ? |
Ellipspidal or condylar |
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What type of synovial joint movement is the tempomandibular joint considered? |
Biocondylar joint |
Two sides |
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What synovial joint movement is the 1st and 2nd cervical vertabra joint considered? |
Trochoidal or pivot |
La troca |
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What type of synovial joint movement is the second interphalangeal joint? |
Ginglymus or hinge |
Gancho |
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What type of synovial joint movement is the distal radioulnar joint? |
Trochoidal joint |
La troca |
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What type of synovial joint movement is the ankle joint considered? |
Ankle joint |
Caballito |
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What type of synovial joint movement is the ankle joint considered? |
Bicondylar |
Two! |
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What type of synovial joint movement is the third metacarpophalangeal joint considered? |
Ellipsoidal or condylar |
Como? |
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What is an image of a patients anatomic parts poduced by the actions of xrays on an image called? |
Radiograph |
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What is the aspect of an xray beam that has the least divergence? |
CR or central ray |
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The upright position with the arms abducted, palms foward, and head and fert directed straight describes the...? |
Anatomical position |
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The vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left parts os the ...? |
Midsagittal plane |
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The vertical plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the ...? |
Coronal plane |
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A plane at right angles along any point of the longitudinal axis of the body is the?? |
Transverse or axial plane |
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Where is the base plane of the skull located at? |
Between the infraorbital margin of the orbit and the superior margin of the external auditory meatus |
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Is the frankfort horizontal plane the same as the midcoronal plane? |
Nope |
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The direction or path of the central ray defines what positioning term? |
Projection |
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The positioning term that describes the general and specific body position is the... |
Position |
Its in the sentence |
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Decubitus positions always use a horizontal x-ray beam? |
True |
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Oblique and lateral positions are described according to the side of the body closest to the image receptor? |
True |
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What is the name of the position in which the body is turned 90° from a true AP or PA projection? |
Lateral |
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A patient is erect with the back to the image receptor. The left side of the body is turned 45° towards the IR. what is the position? |
LPO |
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A patient recumbent facing the image receptor. The right side of the body is turned 15° towards the image receptor. What is this position? |
RAO |
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The patient is lying on his or her back. The x-ray beam is directed horizontally and enters the right side of the body and exits the left sidr of the body. An image receptor is placed against the left side of the patient which specific position has been used? |
Dorsal decubitus left lateral |
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The patient is erect with the right side of the body againt the image receptor. The xray beam enters the left side and exists the right side of the body. Which specific position has been performed? |
Rt lateral |
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A patient is lying on the left side on a cart. The xray beam is directed horizontally and enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior aspect of the body. The image receptor is against the anterior surface . Which specific position has been performed? |
Left lateral decubitus (PA) |
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What is the name of the projection in which the central ray enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface? |
AP |
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A projection using a CR angle of 10° or more directed parallel along the axis of the body or bpdy part is termed?... |
Axial |
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The specific position that demonstrates the apices of the lungs , without superimposition of the clavicles , is termed a ...? |
Lordotic position |
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Radiographic "view" is not a corrected positioning term in the U.S.. T/F |
True |
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The term varus describes thr bending of a part outward? T/F |
False |
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Is AP a position or a projection? |
Projection |
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Is prone a position or projection? |
Position |
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Is trendelenburn a position or projection |
Position |
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Is LPO a projection or a position? |
Position |
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Is a left lateral chest a position or projection? |
Position |
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Is a mediolateral ankle position or projection? |
Projection |
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Is tangenital a projection or a position? |
Projection |
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Is lordotic a projection or a position? |
Position |
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Is inferosuperior axial a projection or a position? |
Projection |
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Is left later decubitus a position or projection? |
Position |
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Moving or thrusting the jaw foward from the normal position is an example of? |
Protraction |
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To turn or bend the wrist toward the radius side is called? |
Radial deviation |
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Which two types of information should br imprinted on every radiographic image? |
Patient Identification and date Markers |
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A technologist has the right to refuse to perform an examination on a patient whom he or she finds offensive? T/F |
False |
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A technilogist is responsible for the professional decision he ir she makes during care of a patient. T/F |
TRUE |
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The technologist is expected to provide a preliminary interpretatiom of radiographic findings to the referring physicial? T/F |
False |
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The technologist is responsible for communicating with the patient to obtain pertinent clinical information. T/F |
True |
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List the two rules or principles for determining a position routine as they relate to the maximum number of projections require in a basic routine. |
A minimum of two 90° projections from each other A minimum of 3 projections when joints are in the prime interest. |
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A young child in the ER enters with a fractured forearm. After one projection is conpleted that confirms the fracture, the child refuses to move the forearm for any additional projections? What is the minimum number of projections that must be taken? |
2 |
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If additional projections are required for a routine forearm series, what should the technologist do with the patient. |
Place the image receptor and xray tube as needed for a second projection 90° from the first projection. |
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Physical localization of topographic landmarks on a patient is called |
Palpatation |
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Which two land marks may not be palpitated because of institutional policy |
Ichial tuberosity and symphys pubis |
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The radiographer anolog (film) is composed of metalic .....on a polyester base. |
Silver |
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What are the 4 image quality factors of a radiograph? |
Density, contast, spartial resolution, distortion |
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The range of exposure over which a film produces an acceptable image is the definition for?? |
Exposure latitude |
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Which specific exposure factor controls the quality or penetration ability of the xray beam? |
Kvp |
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Exposure time is usually expressed in units of.. |
Milliseconds |
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The amount of blackness seen on a processed radiograph seen on processed radiograph is called... |
Density |
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The primary controlling factor for the overall blackness on a radiograph is... |
MAS |
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If the distance between the x-ray tube and image receptor is increased from 40 to 80, what specific effect will it have on the radiographic density, if other factors are not changes. |
Decrease density 25% |
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Which term is used to describe a radiograph that has too little density? |
Underexposed |
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Doubling the mAs will result in ___ the density on the IR image. |
Doubling |
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Kvp must be altered to change radiographic density T/F |
False |
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When analog images, using manual techniques settings, are underexposed or overexposed, a minimum change mAs of_____is required to make a visable difference in the radiographic density |
25% to 30% |
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According to the anode heel effect, the xray beam is less intense at the ___ end of the xray tube |
Anode |
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To best use the anode heel effect, the thicker part of the anatomoc structure should be placed under the____ end of the tube? |
Cathode |
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What device or method (other than the anode heel effect) may be used to compensate for the anatomic part thickness difference and produce an acceptable density on the IR image? |
Compensating filter |
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What are the three types of compensaring filters? |
Wedge, trough, boomerang |
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Which type of compensating filter is used commenly for AP projections of the thoracic spine. |
Wedge |
Cool heels |
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Which type of compensating filter permits soft tissue and bony detail of the shoulder to be equally visualized? |
Boomerang |
Links weapon |
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A radiograph of the foot is produced using conventional analog cassetts. The resulting radiograph demonstrates too little density and must be repeted. The original exposure was 5 mas. What mAs is needed to correct the density on the radiograph |
10 mAs |
Density needs to be doubled |
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The difference in density on adjecent areas of the radiograph defines... |
Radiographic contrast |
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What is the primary controlling factoe for tree radiographic contrast? |
KVP |
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List the two scales of radiographic contrast, and identify which is classified as high contrast and which is low. |
Long low, short high |
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A low contrast image demonstrates more shades of gray on the radiograph? T/F |
True |
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A 50 kvp technique produces a high contrat image |
True |
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If an anatomical part mesures greater then....cm, a grid must be used. |
10 cm |
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Idnetify the type of grid cuttoff that is created by the following situations.. The central ray and face of grid are not perpendicular. |
Off level grid cuttoff |
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The SID is set beyond the focal range of the grid |
Off focus grid cutoff |
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The back of the grid is facing the xray tube |
Upside down grid cutoff |
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The recorded sharpness of structures or objects on the radiograph defines |
Definition |
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The lack of visable sharpness is called |
Blur or unsharpness |
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What are the three geometric factors that control or influence image resolution. |
Focal spot, SID, OID |
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The term that describes the unsharp edges of the projection image is... |
Penumbra |
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The use of a small focal spot will entirely eliminate the problem identified in the previous question? T/F |
False |
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The greater contibutor to image unsharpness as related to position is |
Motion |
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What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion during an exposure? |
Shorten time exposure |
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Which of the following changes will improve image resolution? |
Decrease OID |
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The technologist is oerforming an elbow series on a pediatric pt. Because of the nature of the injury, the technologist has been asked to produce radiographs that have the highest degree of recorded resolution possible. Which one of the following sets of factors will produce that level of detail? |
0.3 focal mm spot and 40 inch SID |
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The misrepresentation of an object size or shape projected onto a radiograph recording medium is called? |
Distortion |
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