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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Odontoid anomalies - types?
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Odontoid agenesis and hypogenesis
Os odontoideum Both types can cause instability |
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Odontoid agenesis is...
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Complete or partial failure of development of the odontoid process
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Os odontoideum is...
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Ununited dens fracture or developmental problem
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Os acetabulum is when...
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Secondary growth centre of acetabulum fails to unite
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Os acetabulum - where is the small to medium-sized ossicle?
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Lateral margin of acetabulum
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Ossiculum terminale
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Secondary ossification centre at the top of the dens doesn't unite
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Paraglenoid sulci
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Grooves in inferior ilia next to SI jj.
Bilateral or unilateral |
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Paraglenoid sulci - which gender most affected?
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Females. But don't worry - no clinical significance!
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Patella cubiti - what is it?
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Sesamoid bone
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Patella cubiti - where is it?
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Triceps tendon
Soft tissues behind humerus or olecranon ('cubitus' = elbow) |
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Pectus carinatum otherwise known as...
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Pigeon chest, sternum bows outwards
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Pectus excavatum - otherwise known as...
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Funnel chest
Sternum indented distally |
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Pectus excavatum - complication?
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Heart compression causing murmur
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Polydactyly
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Marylyn Monroe - more than 5 fingers or toes - isolated anomaly or dysplasia
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Posterior ponticle is calcification / ossification of what?
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Posterior atlanto-occipital lig
Usually bilat Rare cause of VBAI? |
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Rib anomalies
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Fused ribs
Srb's anomaly - fusion of 1st and 2nd ribs Forked ribs (from fork attacks) Fenestrated ribs Cervical ribs |
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Sprengel's deformity - involves what bone?
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Scapula - undescended - inf portion should line up with T7 but is higher. Usually unilat
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Sprengel's deformity - associated with conditions like...
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Klippel-Feil syndrome (20-25% of cases)
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Sprengel's deformity - sometimes associated with ossification of medial scapula muscles - a condition called what?
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'Omovertebral bone'
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Spina bifida occulta affects which C vertebrae the most?
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C1 then C7
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Spina bifida occulta - which rad view confirms it?
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Lat - you see absence of spinolaminar line - (vertebrae failed to 'close up' properly during development)
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Spina bifida occulta - also affects which other vertebrae?
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T1, T12
L5, S1 May also find other anomalies in other areas |
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Stylohyoid ligament calcification
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Usually assymptomatic.
Lig runs between styloid processes and hyoid bone |
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Subacromial spur
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Bony growth on inferior aspect of acromion
Assoc w shoulder impingement syndrome |
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Supernumerary (extra) epiphyses - more common in the hand or foot?
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Hand - 2nd metacarpal base.
Length of bone unaffected |
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Supernumerary epiphyses - what are they?
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Extra epiphyses in short tubular bones
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Tarsal coalition is...
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Fusion of any tarsal bones
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Tarsal coalition - most common bones affected?
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Talus/calcaneus
Calcaneus/navicular |
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Tarsal coalition - signs/symptoms...
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Pain
Chronic ankle inversion injuries DJD of tarsal jj |
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Transitional lumbosacral segments
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Occur at transitional areas, especially L5/S1
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Transitional lumbosacral segments
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S1 forming an 'L6'
L5 forming extra S segment Disc may develop partially/completely |
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Transitional lumbosacral segments
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Sometimes extra segments are so well formed they are indistinguishable from a normal segment
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Transitional lumbosacral segments - shouldn't use the terms...
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Lumbarisation, pseudolumbarisation, sacralisation
(Why the hell not pal)? |
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Transitional lumbosacral segments - functionally lumbar when...
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TP's not attached to sacrum
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Transitional lumbosacral segments - functionally sacral when...
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TP's fused to sacrum
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Transitional lumbosacral segments - accessory articulation when...
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TP forms a j with sacrum
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Transitional lumbosacral segments - clinically insignificant if...
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Minor transition or complete transition
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Transitional lumbosacral segments - clinically significant if...
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Only unilat fusion - altered biomechanics and possible degeneration causing symptoms
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Transitional lumbosacral segments - 'far-out' syndrome is...
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When you do too much diazepam due to exam stress
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Not really - 'far-out' syndrome is...
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When a nerve root is entrapped by a large TP
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Transitional thoracolumbar segment - may be missing what?
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12th ribs, but you might see lumbar ribs at L1! (Freakshow)
Usually insignificant |
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Ununited apophyses - where?
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Elbow growth centres
Ulnar styloid |
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Ununited apophyses - what are they?
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Where secondary growth centres have failed to fuse to parent bone
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Ununited apophyses - confused with what other ddx?
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Fracture
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