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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Infection
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clinical syndrome caused by the invasion and multiplication of pathogens (Fund. pg. 1345)
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Chain of Infection
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Susceptible Host
Infectious Agent Reservoirs Portal of Exit Means of Transmission Portal of Entry |
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Susceptible Host
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Immunosuppression
Diabetes Surgery Burns Elderly Break Chain: Treatment of underlying disease (getting vaccinations), recognition of high-risk patients |
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Infectious Agent
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Bacteria
Fungi Viruses Rickettsiae (obligate intracellular parasites Tabers pg. 2042) Protozoa Break Chain: rapid, accurate identification of organisms |
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Reservoirs
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People
Equipment Water Soil/Dirt Lead Animals Food Break Chain: Employee health, environmental sanitation, disinfection/sterilization, proper disposal |
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Portal of Exit
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Excretions
Secretions Skin Droplets Break Chain: Hand washing, control of excretions and secretions, trash and waste disposal |
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Means of Transmission
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Direct Contact
Ingestion Fomites Airborne Break Chain: Isolation, food handling, airflow control, standard precautions, sterilization, hand washing |
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Portal of Entry
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Mucous Membranes
GI tract GU tract Respiratory tract Broken skin Break Chain: wound care, aseptic technique, catheter care |
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Differential Cell Count
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a breakdown of the number of white blood cells into their different types (Fund. pg. 1342)
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WBC: White Blood Cell Count
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number of white blood cells
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RBC: Red Blood Cell Count
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number of red blood cells
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Asepsis
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non-state of infection
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Medical Asepsis
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-practices designed to reduce the numbers of pathogenic microoganisms in the client's environment
-clean (clean gloves with no sterility needed) -limit #, growth, and transmission -contain |
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Surgical Asepsis
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-protection of the client against infection before, during, and after surgery using sterile technique
-sterile (sterile gloves to maintain sterility) -rid of all/absence of all microoganisms |
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PPE: Personal Protective Equipment
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Gown
Mask Gloves Goggles Face Shield |
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Standard Precautions
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-set of CDC-mandated actions, including hand hygiene and the use of barrier precautions, designed to reduce transmission of infectious organisms
-applied to every client regardless of whether an infection has been identified |
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Latex
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-viscous, aqueous solution of hydrocarbons, adsorbed proteins, ash and resin produced mostly by tropical trees and used in the manufacture of rubber plants (Tabers pg. 1304)
-gloves should not contain latex -nonlatex gloves can be used fo all but surgical procedures and protect the caregiver from developing latex allergy or sensitivity -always ask client if they may have latex allergy and note it on medical record |
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Isolation
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-separation of clients who have a specific communicable disease from those who do not, and have restricted client movements to stop the spread of that infections (Fund. pg. 515)
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Airbourne Precautions
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-infectious agent is capable of remaining in the air for prolonged periods of time and of being transported in the air for distances GREATER than 3 ft.
-TB, chickenpox, SARS -isolation room (AIIR) with negative pressure -wear particulate filter mask N95 or greater -limiting visitors and caregivers -door closed -client stay in room (Fund. pg. 515, notes) |
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Droplet Precautions
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-used for organisms that can be spread by respiratory droplets but are unable to remain in the air farther than 3 ft.
-wear standard surgical mask if within 3 ft. -Whooping cough, diphtheria, flu, mumps -client stay in room -door open (Fund. pg. 515, notes) |
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Contact Precautions
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-use standard precautions and barrier precautions, gloves, impermeable gowns
-infections spread by direct or indirect contact -diarrhea, draining wounds, acquired antibiotic-resistant infections, MRSA, VRE, RSV, Lice, Scabies -client stay in room -no sharing equipment (Fund. pg. 515, notes) |
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Nosocomial Infections
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-hospital acquired infections (Fund. pg. 499)
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Immunization (vaccination)
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medication administered to activate an immune response before exposure to disease agent (Fund. pg. 1345)
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Immunocompromised
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state of not having an intact immune system (Fund. pg. 1345)
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Immunosuppressant
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use of medications to suppress the body's immune system (Fund. pg. 1345)
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Risk for Infection
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patient is at increased risk for being invaded by pathogenic organisms (Workbook)
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Risk for Infection Transmission
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patient is in a state in which a person is at risk for transferring a pathogenic or opportunistic infection to others (Workbook)
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Ineffective Protection
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patient has a decreased ability to guard self from internal or external treats such as illness or injury
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