Terminology

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Illustrtaion

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Color

Shape

Line

Detail

Perspective

Texture

Space

Form

Contrast

Balance

Movement

Emphasis

Etc.

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Writing

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Plot- the main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and presented by the writer as an interrelated sequence

Setting- the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place.

Conflict (Internal/External)-clash a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.

Protagonist vs. Antagonist- good vs evil, hero vs. villain

Characters/Characterization

Narrator/Point of View

Foreshadowing

Metaphor/Simile

Symbolism

Imagery

Tone

Irony (Verbal/Dramatic/ Situational)Etc.

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Metaphor

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a form of figurative language does not use like or as

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Narrator

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The character or voice from whom the point of view of events is told

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Frame Narrator

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a story within another story; usually each story is told by a different narrator

1. Frame Story: outside story that frames + contextualizes inside story

2. Inner Story: inside story that would not be told w/o frame story in place

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Metafiction

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fiction that self-consciously draws attn. to its status as writing in order to pose questions about rels. b/w fiction + reality; self-critique of one’s own writing using irony + self-reflection

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Characterization

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development of personality of characters over the course of the text

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Direct Characterization

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Character him/herself, another character, or narrator tell audience about character

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Indirect characterization

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reader makes inferences about character based on

Speech

Thoughts

Actions

Appearance

Reactions from others

Reader makes inferences about character based on STAAR

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Round

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Complex personality; often portrayed as conflicted/contradictory

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Flat

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opposite of round; notable for one kind of personality trait/characteristic

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Dynamic

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changes over times a result of resolving conflict/ facing crisis; mostly central characters because resolving conflict is a major role of central characters

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Static

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does not change over time; personality doesn't transform/ evolve

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Situational Irony

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Situational irony is when something happens and a reversal of expectations occurs

Expectations - Reality= Irony

E-R=I

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Memoir

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A sub-genre of an autobiography

Meaning "meaning" or "reminisce"

Reflection on particular event/series of events rather than retelling entire life--- retrospective

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Moishe the Beadle

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Moishe - Moses

the beadle- a person who works in the church

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Rhetorical Question

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Rhetorical Question - a question for which no answer is expected; often, the answer is obvious in order to emphasize a point. (verbal irony)

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Parallel Structure

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Parallel Structure: also known as parallelism; repetition of particular grammatical structure in order to prove point

Example: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness...” from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

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Imagery

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Imagery: figurative language that appeals to the five senses

Gustatory (taste)

Tactile (touch)

Olfactory (smell)

Visual (sight)

Auditory (sound)

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Foreshadowing

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Foreshadowing: an author indicates or hints at future events in order to create suspense

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Conflict

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Conflict: tension b/w opposing forces, usually protagonist + antagonist or other catalyst

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Internal Conflict:

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Man vs. Self

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External Conflict:

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Man vs. Man

Man vs. Nature

Man vs. Society

Etc. (depending on genre + topic)

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Anaphora

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repetition of the first part of a sentence to make point

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Denotation

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Literal definition of a word

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Connotation

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associations with a word(s)

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Dramatic Irony

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when the audience knows something that the characters do not

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Theme

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Theme: the central idea or message that controls a work; the universal insight it offers into the experience of being human

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Concept → Theme

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Love → the power of love to heal another

Religion → religion as a source of strength

Grief → one can experience no greater loss than that of a loved one

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Flash Forward

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plot jumps ahead

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Allusion

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reference to person,place,thing of historical, cultural, literary,political significance; writer expects reader to spot allusion + grasp importance

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Foil

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Character who contrast with the protagonists to highlight particular qualities of the protagonist

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Personification

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giving something non-human human characteristics; typically identified by verb usage

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Tone

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author’s attitude towards the subject; always adjective

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Syntax

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Sentence Structure

Look at

1) Word ordered

2) Format

3) Punctuation

4) Length

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Literary Criticism

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different lenses critics use to read + talk about literature allow critics to focus on particular aspects of work they consider important

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Historical Criticism

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literary criticism in light of historical evidence or based on context in which a work was written, including facts about author's life + historical/social circumstances of time

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Biographical Criticism

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literary criticism which analyzes writer's biography to show relationship b/w authors life + their works of lierature

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Bildungsroman

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Bildungsroman: fictional coming-of-age story in which plot revolves around protagonist’s growth (mental, physical, social, emotional, moral, + spiritual); his/her dreams/goals usually in contrast w/ those of other characters

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Narration

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Narration: when narrator describes or comments on scene or characters; point of view from which story is told

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Dialogue

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Dialogue: when characters speak, usually indicated by quotation marks

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Diction

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is an authors choice of words and use of those words

An authors diction could be

Formal/Informal

Technical or nontechnical

Descriptive or general

Humorous or serious

Positive or Negative

Optimistic or Pessimistic

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Verisimilitude

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in literature, the resemblance of fiction to truth or reality

Setting

Characters

Narration/Dialogue

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Folklore

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stories that emerge from + are passed down in a particular community in order to explain some aspect of that community’s life, culture, or tradition

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Extended metaphor:

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comparison developed over lines, stanzas, or paragraphs in order to broaden reader’s understanding of subj.

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Paradox

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a statement that initially appears contradictory, but actually reveals some truth